{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T05:34:01Z","timestamp":1775885641013,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Nursing Scholarship"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the prolongation of the COVID\u201019 pandemic, more individuals are experiencing sequelae after COVID\u201019 infection, also known as post\u2010acute COVID\u201019 syndrome (PCS). The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence and characteristics of PCS symptoms such as fatigue, anxiety, and depression and to compare these symptoms according to participant characteristics in patients who had been previously hospitalized due to COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A descriptive cross\u2010sectional study design was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 114 individuals who had been hospitalized for COVID\u201019 and were discharged from the hospital at least 4\u2009weeks before. Symptoms were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Hospital Anxiety\u2010Depression Scale, and the PCS symptom questionnaire developed by the authors. We used descriptive statistics, the Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, the Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum test, and the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test for statistical analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most prevalent symptoms were anxiety (66.7%), fatigue (64.0%), headache (57.9%), and concentration or memory difficulties (57.9%). Concentration or memory difficulties and sleep disturbances had the highest mean frequency. Concentration or memory difficulties were rated with the highest mean severity, and cough, loss of taste, and muscle and joint pain had the highest mean distress scores. Female participants, individuals hospitalized for more than 2\u2009weeks, individuals discharged more than 9\u2009months ago, unvaccinated patients, and those who tried at least one symptom relief method reported higher symptom distress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this investigation into the frequency, severity, and distress of symptoms shed light on the identification of post\u2010COVID symptoms in detail. To objectively evaluate and comprehend the symptom trajectories of PCS, prospective studies about the development of symptom assessment tools and studies with a longitudinal design should be conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>A substantial number of respondents reported numerous symptoms and expressed symptom distress; therefore, the development of nursing interventions and treatments to alleviate PCS symptoms is crucial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T08:38:30Z","timestamp":1710923910000},"page":"517-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Post\u2010acute <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 syndrome in previously hospitalized patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8868-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoonsoo","family":"Eo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"School of Nursing University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6967-1564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun Ju","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7739\/jkafn.2022.29.2.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11174980"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of Fatigue Severity Scale for patients with fatigue, and anxiety or depression","volume":"9","author":"Chung K.\u2010I.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010021\u201006970\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1414\u2010431x2021e11711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010020\u201001039\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11080968"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(21)01755\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243882"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2022.37.e213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010022\u201007062\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201095565\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955\u2010022\u201002082\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010021\u201001283\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 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