{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:28:57Z","timestamp":1790094537224,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Nursing Scholarship"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nurses in southern Israel's public hospitals were exposed to unusual traumatic events following the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel, and the ensuing Swords of Iron War. This study aimed to clarify the complexity of wartime nursing by identifying profiles based on risk factors (i.e., psychological distress and adjustment disorders) and protective factors (i.e., positive affect (PA), resilience, and perceived social support [PSS]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study utilizes a cross\u2010sectional design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred nurses at a major public hospital in southern Israel completed self\u2010report questionnaires. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify distinct profiles based on nurses' risk and protective factors. Differences in profiles were examined alongside sociodemographic and occupational variables and traumatic event exposure. The LPA was conducted using MPlus 8.8 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two distinct profiles were identified: \u201creactive\u201d and \u201cresilient.\u201d The \u201creactive\u201d group included nurses who had higher risk factor scores (psychological distress and adjustment disorder), whereas the \u201cresilient\u201d group included nurses who had higher protective factor scores (PA, resilience, and PSS). Furthermore, nurses in the \u201creactive\u201d group were younger, with greater seniority, worse self\u2010rated health, and a higher frequency of kidnapped family members compared to nurses from the \u201cresilient\u201d group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nurses in wartime are at risk if identified as \u201creactive.\u201d Identifying these profiles can assist in developing effective support practices to help nurses cope with wartime challenges and maintain their mental well\u2010being.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthcare organizations should tailor interventions to prepare and support nurses of various ages and experience levels, during and after conflicts. This approach aims to reduce risk factors and promote protective factors among nurses during wartime.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.13019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T06:48:10Z","timestamp":1724741290000},"page":"228-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nurses during war: Profiles\u2010based risk and protective factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5498-7443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liat","family":"Hamama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Bob Shapell School of Social Work Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inbal","family":"Amit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head of Nursing Division Samson Assuta Ashdod Hospital  Ashdod Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5182-403X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Itzhaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, the Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medical &amp; Health Science Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bmsp.12227"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v31i6.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126\u2010015\u20109406\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/43.3.396"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118993811.ch21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mph001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20271"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134\u2010023\u201007293\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15454"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1016\u20109040\/a000124"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089\u20102680.2.3.300"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12466"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Work related stress among health care workers in Mekelle city administration public hospitals, North Ethiopia","volume":"46","author":"Godifay G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Health, Medicine, and Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60016-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12689"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u2010066X.44.3.513"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089\u20102680.6.4.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000507"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2020.1803006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katsoty D. 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