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Since calcitonin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>) is a potent antiresorptive agent, in the present study we investigated the effects of androgen deficiency and subsequent testosterone and estradiol treatment on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010producing thyroid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> cells, skeletal and hormonal changes in middle\u2010aged orchidectomized (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>rx) rats. Fifteen\u2010month\u2010old male <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>istar rats were either <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>rx or sham\u2010operated (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SO<\/jats:styled-content>). One group of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>rx rats received 5\u00a0mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> b.w. testosterone propionate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TP<\/jats:styled-content>) subcutaneously, while another group was injected with 0.06\u00a0mg kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> b.w. estradiol dipropionate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDP<\/jats:styled-content>) once a day for 3\u00a0weeks. A peroxidase\u2013antiperoxidase method was applied for localization of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> cells. The studies included ultrastructural microscopic observation of these cells. The metaphyseal region of the proximal tibia was measured histomorphometrically using an <jats:sc>imagej<\/jats:sc> public domain image processing program. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TP<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDP<\/jats:styled-content> treatment significantly increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> cell volume (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>c), volume densities (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>v) and serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> concentration compared with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>rx animals. Administration of both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDP<\/jats:styled-content> significantly enhanced cancellous bone area (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>r), trabecular thickness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>b.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>h) and trabecular number (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>b.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>) and reduced trabecular separation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>b.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>p). Serum osteocalcin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OC<\/jats:styled-content>) and urinary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>a concentrations were significantly lower after these treatments in comparison with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>rx rats. These data suggest that testosterone and estradiol treatment in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>rx middle\u2010aged rats affect calcitonin\u2010producing thyroid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> cells, which may contribute to the bone protective effects of sex hormones in the rat model of male osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,21]],"date-time":"2012-11-21T13:51:23Z","timestamp":1353505883000},"page":"313-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The effects of sex steroids on thyroid <scp>C<\/scp> cells and trabecular bone structure in the rat model of male osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Branko","family":"Filipovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Research University of Belgrade 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