{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:57:14Z","timestamp":1790009834516,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]],"date-time":"2013-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A previous modelling study predicted that the forces applied by the extensor muscles to stabilise the lumbar spine would be greater in spines that have a larger sagittal curvature (lordosis). Because the force\u2010generating capacity of a muscle is related to its size, it was hypothesised that the size of the extensor muscles in a subject would be related to the size of their lumbar lordosis.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Magnetic resonance<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    imaging (MRI) data were obtained, together with age, height, body mass and back pain status, from 42 female subjects. The volume of the extensor muscles (multifidus and erector spinae) caudal to the mid\u2010lumbar level was estimated from cross\u2010sectional area measurements in axial\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    1\u2010weighted\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRIs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    spanning the lumbar spine. Lower lumbar curvature was determined from sagittal\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    1\u2010weighted images. A stepwise linear regression model was used to determine the best predictors of muscle volume. The mean lower lumbar extensor muscle volume was 281\u2005cm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2005=\u200549\u2005cm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). The mean lower lumbar curvature was 30\u2005\u00b0 (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2005=\u20057\u2005\u00b0). Five subjects reported current back pain and were excluded from the regression analysis. Nearly half the variation in muscle volume was accounted for by the variables age (standardised coefficient,\n                    <jats:italic>B\u2005<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u2005\u22123.2,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20050.03) and lower lumbar curvature (\n                    <jats:italic>B\u2005<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20050.47,\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u20050.002). The results support the hypothesis that extensor muscle volume in the lower lumbar spine is related to the magnitude of the sagittal curvature; this has implications for assessing muscle size as an indicator of muscle strength.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]],"date-time":"2013-04-19T06:13:33Z","timestamp":1366352013000},"page":"608-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["The relationship between sagittal curvature and extensor muscle volume in the lumbar spine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Judith R.","family":"Meakin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Physics Group College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK"},{"name":"Medical Imaging College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter 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