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The first structure to form was the foremost neural arch, 21\u00a0days post hatching (dph), and the first vertebra centrum to form \u2013 as a chordacentrum \u2013 was the 3rd centrum at 28\u00a0dph. Thereafter, the notochord centra developed in a regular sequence towards the head and caudal fin. All vertebrae were formed within 50\u00a0dph. The vertebral column consisted of 52 (\u00b1\u00a02) vertebrae (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>) and could be divided into four distinct regions: (i) the cervical region (neck) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>2), characterized by short vertebra centra, prominent neural spines and absence of articulations with ribs; (ii) the abdominal region (trunk) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>19), characterized by vertebrae with wing\u2010shaped transverse processes (parapophyses) that all articulate with a rib; (iii) the caudal region (tail) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>20\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>40), where the vertebra centra have haemal arches with prominent haemal spines; (iv) the ural region (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>41 to the last vertebra), characterized by broad neural and haemal spines, providing sites of origin for muscles inserting on the fin rays \u2013 lepidotrichs \u2013 of the tail fin. The number of vertebrae in the cervical, abdominal and caudal regions was found to be constant, whereas in the ural region, numbers varied from 12 to 15. Geometric modelling based on combination of vertebra lengths, diameters and intervertebral distances showed an even flexibility throughout the column, except in the ural region, where flexibility increased. Throughout ontogeny, the vertebra centra of the different regions followed distinct patterns of growth; the relative length of the vertebrae increased in the cervical and abdominal regions, and decreased in the caudal and ural regions with increasing age. This may reflect changes in swimming mode with age, and\/or that the production of large volumes of gametes during sexual maturation requires a significant increase in abdominal cavity volume.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,16]],"date-time":"2013-04-16T04:10:39Z","timestamp":1366085439000},"page":"615-624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Regional changes in vertebra morphology during ontogeny reflect the life history of <scp>A<\/scp>tlantic cod (<i><scp>G<\/scp>adus morhua <\/i><scp>L<\/scp>.)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Per G.","family":"Fjelldal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research (IMR) Matre Aquaculture Research Station Matredal Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geir K.","family":"Totland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research (IMR) Matre Aquaculture Research Station Matredal Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Kryvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens L.","family":"S\u00f8ndergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Titlestadvegen 71, 5243 Fana Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sindre","family":"Grotmol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-12-28"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Fish Physiology III","author":"Blaxter JHS","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/38.3.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(94)90301-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"ColtonJBJr MarakMR(1969)Guide for identifying the common planktonic fish eggs and larvae of continental shelf waters Cape Sable to Bloc Island.Bur. 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