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Although many studies have documented bone strains in the mammalian mandible, no information is available on strain magnitudes, orientations or patterns in the sauropsid lower jaw during feeding. Furthermore, strain gage experiments record the mechanical response of bone at a few locations, not across the entire mandible. In this paper, we present bone strain data recorded at various sites on the lower jaw of <jats:italic>Alligator mississippiensis<\/jats:italic> during <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> feeding experiments. These data are used to understand how changes in loading regime associated with changes in bite location are related to changes in strain regime on the working and balancing sides of the mandible. Our results suggest that the working side mandible is bent dorsoventrally and twisted about its long\u2010axis during biting, and the balancing side experiences primarily dorsoventral bending. Strain orientations are more variable on the working side than on the balancing side with changes in bite point and between experiments; the balancing side exhibits higher strain magnitudes. In the second part of this paper, we use principal strain orientations and magnitudes recorded <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> to evaluate a finite element model of the alligator mandible. Our comparison demonstrates that strain orientations and mandibular deformation predicted by the model closely match <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> results; however, absolute strain magnitudes are lower in the finite element model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T04:59:05Z","timestamp":1373950745000},"page":"195-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["<i>In vivo<\/i> bone strain and finite element modeling of the mandible of <i><scp>A<\/scp>lligator mississippiensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Laura B.","family":"Porro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy University of Chicago Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Bristol 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