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This self\u2010renewing process of synaptic transmission is accomplished by the calcium\u2010triggered fusion of neurotransmitter\u2010containing vesicles with the plasma membrane and the subsequent retrieval and recycling of vesicle components. Besides this conventional physiological role, the highly active process of vesicle fusion and re\u2010uptake into endosomal sorting pathways acts as a conduit for entry of a range of substances into the intracellular compartment of the motor nerve terminal. Whilst this entry portal sub\u2010serves many vital physiological processes, such as those mediated by neurotrophin trafficking, there is also the potential for substantial pathological consequences resulting from uptake of noxious agents, including autoantibodies, viruses and toxins. These may act locally to induce disease within the nerve terminal, or traffic beyond to the motor neuron cell body and central nervous system to exert their pathological effects. This review focuses on the recent evidence that the ganglioside\u2010rich pre\u2010synaptic membrane acts as a binding site for potentially neurotoxic serum autoantibodies that are present in human autoimmune motor neuropathies. Autoantibodies that bind surface antigens induce membrane lytic effects, whereas their uptake attenuates local injury and transfers any potential pathological consequences to the intracellular compartment. Herein the thesis is explored that a balance exists between local injury at the exofacial leaflet of the pre\u2010synaptic membrane and antibody uptake, which dictates the overall level and site of motor nerve injury in this group of disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]],"date-time":"2013-08-13T04:51:29Z","timestamp":1376369489000},"page":"36-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The pre\u2010synaptic motor nerve terminal as a site for antibody\u2010mediated neurotoxicity in autoimmune neuropathies and synaptopathies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Simon N.","family":"Fewou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow 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