{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:05:27Z","timestamp":1790766327902,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,15]],"date-time":"2013-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSF\/ITR","award":["#0205477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#0205477"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Crocodylians occupy a key phylogenetic position for investigations of archosaur locomotor evolution. Compared to the well\u2010studied hindlimb, relatively little is known about the skeletal movements and mechanics of the forelimb. In this study, we employed manual markerless <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XROMM<\/jats:styled-content> (X\u2010ray Reconstruction Of Moving Morphology) to measure detailed 3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> kinematics of the shoulder girdle and forelimb bones of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>merican alligators (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>lligator mississippiensis<\/jats:italic>) walking on a treadmill. Digital models of the interclavicle, scapulocoracoid, humerus, radius and ulna were created using a 3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> laser scanner. Models were articulated and aligned to simultaneously recorded frames of fluoroscopic and standard light video to reconstruct and measure joint motion. Joint coordinate systems were established for the coracosternal, glenohumeral and elbow joints. Our analysis revealed that the limb joints only account for about half of fore\/aft limb excursion; the remaining excursion results from shoulder girdle movements and lateral bending of the vertebral column. Considerable motion of each scapulocoracoid relative to the vertebral column is consistent with coracosternal mobility. The hemisellar design of the glenohumeral joint permits some additional translation, or sliding in the fore\u2010aft plane, but this movement does not have much of an effect on the distal excursion of the bone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T15:26:29Z","timestamp":1381245989000},"page":"462-473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional skeletal kinematics of the shoulder girdle and forelimb in walking <i><scp>A<\/scp>lligator<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"David B.","family":"Baier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Providence College Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Gatesy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary 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