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We hypothesized that overall dental crown shape and covariation structure are determined by processes that configurate shape at the enamel\u2013dentine junction (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDJ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), the developmental vestige of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IEE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . This this hypothesis was tested by comparing patterns of morphological variation between\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDJ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in human permanent maxillary first molar (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    1) and deciduous second molar (um2). Using geometric morphometric methods, we described morphological variation and covariation between\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDJ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and evaluated the strength of two components of phenotypic variability, canalization and morphological integration, in addition to the relevant evolutionary flexibility, i.e. the ability to respond to selective pressure. The strength of covariation between\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDJ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was greater in um2 than in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    1, and the way that multiple traits covary between\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDJ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was different between these teeth. The variability analyses showed that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDJ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    had less shape variation and a higher level of morphological integration than\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , which indicated that canalization and morphological integration acted as developmental constraints. These tendencies were greater in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    1 than in um2. On the other hand,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDJ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    had a comparable level of evolvability in these teeth. Amelogenesis could play a significant role in tooth shape and covariation structure, and its influence was not constant among teeth, which may be responsible for the differences in the rate and\/or period of enamel formation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T23:55:22Z","timestamp":1396396522000},"page":"669-680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Patterns of morphological variation in enamel\u2013dentin junction and outer enamel surface of human molars"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Wataru","family":"Morita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Anthropology Department of Zoology Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Anatomy Division of Oral Structure, Function and Development Asahi University School of Dentistry Mizuho Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohito","family":"Nagaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikiko","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine Osaka City University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Ohshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Nakatsukasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Anthropology Department of Zoology Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"313","volume-title":"Development in Evo006Cution","author":"Alberch P","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(97)85012-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/484607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"BoydeA(1964)The structure and development of mammalian enamel. 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