{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:42:32Z","timestamp":1788871352353,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]],"date-time":"2014-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSF","award":["IOS 1146916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS 1146916"]}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["BCS 0959438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS 0959438"]}]},{"name":"NEOMED Skeletal Biology Research Focus Area"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology at NEOMED"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The primary aim of this study is to broadly evaluate the relationship between cursoriality (i.e. anatomical and physiological specialization for running) and limb bone morphology in lagomorphs. Relative to most previous studies of cursoriality, our focus on a size\u2010restricted, taxonomically narrow group of mammals permits us to evaluate the degree to which \u2018cursorial specialization\u2019 affects locomotor anatomy independently of broader allometric and phylogenetic trends that might obscure such a relationship. We collected linear morphometrics and \u03bc\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    data on 737 limb bones covering three lagomorph species that differ in degree of cursoriality: pikas (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      chotona princeps\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , non\u2010cursorial), jackrabbits (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      epus californicus\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , highly cursorial), and rabbits (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ylvilagus bachmani\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , level of cursoriality intermediate between pikas and jackrabbits). We evaluated two hypotheses: cursoriality should be associated with (i) lower limb joint mechanical advantage (i.e. high \u2018displacement advantage\u2019, permitting more cursorial species to cycle their limbs more quickly) and (ii) longer, more gracile limb bones, particularly at the distal segments (as a means of decreasing rotational inertia). As predicted, highly cursorial jackrabbits are typically marked by the lowest mechanical advantage and the longest distal segments, non\u2010cursorial pikas display the highest mechanical advantage and the shortest distal segments, and rabbits generally display intermediate values for these variables. Variation in long bone robusticity followed a proximodistal gradient. Whereas proximal limb bone robusticity declined with cursoriality, distal limb bone robusticity generally remained constant across the three species. The association between long, structurally gracile limb bones and decreased maximal bending strength suggests that the more cursorial lagomorphs compromise proximal limb bone integrity to improve locomotor economy. In contrast, the integrity of distal limb bones is maintained with increasing cursoriality, suggesting that the safety factor takes priority over locomotor economy in those regions of the postcranial skeleton that experience higher loading during locomotion. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that cursoriality is associated with a common suite of morphological adaptations across a range of body sizes and radiations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]],"date-time":"2014-07-21T06:17:55Z","timestamp":1405923475000},"page":"403-418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Limb bone morphology, bone strength, and cursoriality in lagomorphs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Jesse W.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) Rootstown OH USA"},{"name":"Skeletal Biology Research Focus Area NEOMED Rootstown OH USA"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences Kent State University Kent OH 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