{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:08:57Z","timestamp":1790982537700,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]],"date-time":"2014-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Past studies documented the presence of epididymal\/testicular fusion anomalies and persistence of a patent <jats:italic>processus vaginalis<\/jats:italic> in a small case\u2010series of cryptorchid and\/or hydrocele patients. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the epididymal\/testicular anomalies in a series of more than 1000 cryptorchid patients compared with controls. Secondary aims were: (i) to investigate the association between the cryptorchidism and the patency of <jats:italic>p.\u00a0vaginalis<\/jats:italic>; and (ii) to correlate the epididymal\/testicular fusion anomalies with the position of the testis and with the patency of the <jats:italic>p.\u00a0vaginalis<\/jats:italic>. The clinical and surgical data of 1002 cryptorchid patients and 230 controls were retrospectively retrieved and analysed. Epididymal\/testicular fusion anomalies were classified as: (i) normal anatomy; (ii) minor anomalies; and (iii) major anomalies. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test and Chi\u2010square tests. The prevalence of the epididymal\/testicular fusion anomalies was higher in the cryptorchid group compared with that of the control group (minor and major anomalies in cryptorchids vs. controls, respectively: 42.2 vs. 5.6% and 9.3 vs. 1.6%, <jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20050.0001). Moreover, we documented a correlation of these anomalies with a more proximal localization of the testis (minor and major anomalies in proximal vs. distal location of the testis, respectively: 62.5 vs. 34.8% and 19.1 vs. 6.3%, <jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20050.0001) and with the persistence of a widely patent <jats:italic>p.\u00a0vaginalis<\/jats:italic> (minor and major anomalies in widely patent <jats:italic>p.\u00a0vaginalis<\/jats:italic> vs. narrow duct, respectively: 51.7 vs. 42.2 and 11.9% vs. 7.8%, <jats:italic>P\u2005&lt;\u2005<\/jats:italic>0.001). In conclusion, the epididymal\/testicular fusion anomalies were strongly associated with cryptorchidism and the persistence of a widely patent peritoneal vaginal duct. Although it remains unclear whether these anomalies cause non\u2010descent of the testis or, conversely, result from the cryptorchidism or from the persistence of a widely patent duct, our data re\u2010enforce this association.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]],"date-time":"2014-07-22T06:36:23Z","timestamp":1406010983000},"page":"473-478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Epididymal\u2010testicular fusion anomalies in cryptorchidism are associated with proximal location of the undescended testis and with a widely patent <i>processus vaginalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Caterino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical and Medical Department of Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Psychology University of Rome \u2018La Sapienza\u2019 Sant'Andrea Hospital Rome 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Cavaniglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical and Medical Department of Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Psychology University of Rome \u2018La Sapienza\u2019 Sant'Andrea Hospital Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrological and Gynecological Surgery Unit Bambino Gesu Pediatric Hospital\u2010Research Institute Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001520404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)00031-8","article-title":"Congenital anomalies of the testis, vas epididymis, and inguinal 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