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Here, we tested whether a high\u2010fat diet or calorie restriction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>) decreases the number of cardiac myocytes and affects their volume. Ten 6\u20138\u2010week\u2010old mice were randomly assigned to a normal (control group, <jats:italic>n\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20055) or high\u2010fat diet (obesity group, <jats:italic>n\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20055) for 28\u2005weeks. Ten 8\u2010week\u2010old mice were randomly assigned to a normal (control group, <jats:italic>n\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20055) or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> diet (CR group, <jats:italic>n\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u20055) for 7\u2005days. The left ventricles of the hearts were prepared for light and electron microscopy, and analysed by design\u2010based stereology. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>, neither the number of cardiac myocytes, the relationship between one\u2010 and multinucleate myocytes nor their mean volume were significantly different between the groups. In contrast, in the obese mice we observed a significant increase in cell size combined with a lower number of cardiomyocytes (<jats:italic>P\u2005<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20050.05 in the one\u2010sided <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test) and an increase in the mean number of nuclei per myocyte. The mean volume of myofibrils and mitochondria per cardiac myocyte reflected the hypertrophic and hypotrophic remodelling in obesity and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively, but were only significant in the obese mice, indicating a more profound effect of the obesity protocol than in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> experiments. Taken together, our data indicate that long\u2010lasting obesity is associated with a loss of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle, but that short\u2010term <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> does not alter the number of cardiomyocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T13:14:04Z","timestamp":1413465244000},"page":"539-547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The number of cardiac myocytes in the hypertrophic and hypotrophic left ventricle of the obese and calorie\u2010restricted mouse heart"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Schipke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewgenija","family":"Banmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Nikam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Development and Remodelling Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Voswinckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Development and Remodelling Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Kohlstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vascular Signalling Centre for Molecular Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarieke E.","family":"Loot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vascular Signalling Centre for Molecular Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Vascular Signalling Centre for Molecular Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"M\u00fchlfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy) Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2013.37.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200104000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2001.1506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-005-0524-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2008.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"571","article-title":"Formation of binucleated myocardial cells in the neonatal rat. 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