{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:55:07Z","timestamp":1791399307774,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]],"date-time":"2015-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Many species of small desert mammals are known to have expanded auditory bullae. The ears of gerbils and heteromyids have been well described, but much less is known about the middle ear anatomy of other desert mammals. In this study, the middle ears of three gerbils (\n                    <jats:italic>Meriones<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Desmodillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Gerbillurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), two jerboas (\n                    <jats:italic>Jaculus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and two sengis (elephant\u2010shrews:\n                    <jats:italic>Macroscelides<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Elephantulus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were examined and compared, using micro\u2010computed tomography and light microscopy. Middle ear cavity expansion has occurred in members of all three groups, apparently in association with an essentially \u2018freely mobile\u2019 ossicular morphology and the development of bony tubes for the middle ear arteries. Cavity expansion can occur in different ways, resulting in different subcavity patterns even between different species of gerbils. Having enlarged middle ear cavities aids low\u2010frequency audition, and several adaptive advantages of low\u2010frequency hearing to small desert mammals have been proposed. However, while\n                    <jats:italic>Macroscelides<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found here to have middle ear cavities so large that together they exceed brain volume, the bullae of\n                    <jats:italic>Elephantulus<\/jats:italic>\n                    are considerably smaller. Why middle ear cavities are enlarged in some desert species but not others remains unclear, but it may relate to microhabitat.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]],"date-time":"2015-06-23T03:47:45Z","timestamp":1435031265000},"page":"284-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Structure and function of the mammalian middle ear. I: Large middle ears in small desert mammals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Mason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Development &amp; Neuroscience University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2012.713400"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10914-013-9234-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm.1986.50.2.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm.1985.49.2.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.197.4302.479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-011-0281-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1975.tb00882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"483","article-title":"Three\u2010dimensional vibration of the malleus and incus in the living gerbil","volume":"15","author":"Decraemer WF","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1989.tb00518.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1991.tb00258.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1991.tb00259.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1878.tb00663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-1944-6_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"The osteology and relationships of the elephant shrews (Macroscelididae)","volume":"80","author":"Evans FG","year":"1942","journal-title":"Bull Am Mus Nat Hist"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102148\u201012\u201088"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm.1996.60.4.567"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"313","article-title":"Auditory sensitivity of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)","volume":"6","author":"Finck A","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Aud Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-67143-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-004-5016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1375700"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3503988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Biology of the Heteromyidae","author":"Hafner JC","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","volume-title":"Mammals of Africa, Volume III: Rodents, Hares and Rabbits","author":"Happold D","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.102.3.422"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(90)90005-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2784-7_43"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(92)90188-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903310311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.385213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(01)00298-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biog\u00e9ographie des mammif\u00e8res et des oiseaux de l'Afrique du Nord","volume":"21","author":"Heim de Balsac H","year":"1936","journal-title":"Suppl\u00e9ments au Bulletin Biologique de France et de Belgique"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00324432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.1992.9525346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-1047(80)91535-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/20022915"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-002-0332-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Die Tympanalgegend des S\u00e4ugetiersch\u00e4dels","volume":"34","author":"Kampen PN","year":"1905","journal-title":"Gegenbaurs Morphologisches Jahrbuch"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2907.1995.tb00436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Acoustics","author":"Kinsler LE","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1938041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Mammif\u00e8res nouveaux d'Alg\u00e9rie","volume":"14","author":"Lataste F","year":"1882","journal-title":"Le Naturaliste"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051380103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1379549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","first-page":"208","article-title":"R\u00f4le fonctionnel des bulles tympaniques g\u00e9antes de certains rongeurs (Meriones)","volume":"5","author":"Legouix JP","year":"1955","journal-title":"Acustica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm.1954.18.3.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1941576"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","volume-title":"Auditory Regions of Primates and Eutherian Insectivores","author":"MacPhee RDE","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107360150.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12316"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215112002496"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10810"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"SURFdriver: a practical computer program for generating three\u2010dimensional models of anatomical structures using a PowerMac","volume":"11","author":"Moody D","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1970.33.3.351","article-title":"Response diversity of neurons in ventral cochlear nucleus of kangaroo rat to low\u2010frequency tones","volume":"33","author":"Moushegian G","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(97)00286-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","first-page":"360","volume-title":"The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals","author":"Norris ML","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2907.1977.tb00366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801857898"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","unstructured":"1967 Yale University E.C.J. Oaks Structure and function of inflated middle ears of rodents"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","volume-title":"Zveri vostochnoy Yevropy i severnoy Azii. Tom 6. Gryzuny (prodolzheniye)","author":"Ognev SI","year":"1948"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1987.tb01552.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","first-page":"739","article-title":"Evolution of mastoid part of the bulla tympani in specialized arid rodents","volume":"67","author":"Pavlinov IY","year":"1988","journal-title":"Zoologicheskii Zhurnal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Relation between size of pinna and of auditory bulla in specialized desert rodents","volume":"61","author":"Pavlinov IY","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gen Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","first-page":"848","article-title":"Remarques sur la signification des bulles tympaniques chez les mammif\u00e8res","volume":"237","author":"Petter F","year":"1953","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des S\u00e9ances de l'Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences, Paris"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"R\u00e9partition g\u00e9ographique et \u00e9cologie des rongeurs d\u00e9sertiques (du Sahara occidental \u00e0 l'Iran oriental)","volume":"25","author":"Petter F","year":"1961","journal-title":"Mammalia"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm.1968.32.4.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1382207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000118639"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","first-page":"580","article-title":"Hypertrophy of the bullae tympanicae in the desert mammals","volume":"24","author":"Prakash I","year":"1959","journal-title":"Sci Cult"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"The auditory apparatus of the Heteromyidae (Rodentia, Sciuromorpha)","volume":"99","author":"Pye A","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(87)80183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00293099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","first-page":"99","volume-title":"The Use of Vibrations in Communication: Properties, Mechanisms and Function across Taxa","author":"Randall JA","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003590050136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2028.2009.01102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","article-title":"Distribution of the Etendeka round\u2010eared sengi (Macroscelides micus), a Namibian endemic mammal","volume":"63","author":"Rathbun GB","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal (Namibia Scientific Society)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.418275"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.404280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.380961"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Les affinit\u00e9s du genre Tupaia Raffles 1821, d'apr\u00e8s les caract\u00e8res morphologiques de la t\u00eate osseuse","volume":"42","author":"Saban R","year":"1956","journal-title":"Annales de Pal\u00e9ontologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2011.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Morphological parallelisms of bulla and auditory ossicles in some insectivores and marsupials","volume":"51","author":"Segall W","year":"1970","journal-title":"Fieldiana Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-003-0471-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(74)80010-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232862"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21384"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The auditory bulla in some fossil mammals, with a general introduction to this region of the skull","volume":"62","author":"Klaauw CJ","year":"1931","journal-title":"Bull Am Mus Nat Hist"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.44.2.30155562"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001080202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.35.3.30152809"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000125441"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000123736"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051460304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051520203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/20.1.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.5.661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Significato e funzione delle bulle timpaniche ipertrofiche dei mammiferi Sahariani","volume":"1","author":"Zavattari E","year":"1938","journal-title":"Riv Biol Coloniale"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092390413"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoa.12313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoa.12313","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.12313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T15:32:46Z","timestamp":1694619166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.12313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.12313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.12313","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-03-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-06-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}