{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:55:18Z","timestamp":1782489318269,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,3]],"date-time":"2015-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science","award":["NRF-2013R1A1A2057826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2013R1A1A2057826"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science","award":["2014R1A1A2053601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014R1A1A2053601"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caffeine adversely affects endochondral ossification during fetal skeletal growth, and results in increased incidence of delayed and abnormal fetal skeletal development. Chronic caffeine intake also decreases growth hormone secretion. Thus, it is conceivable that caffeine may disrupt bone growth during the peripubertal period. This study aimed to investigate the impact of high\u2010caffeine consumption on bone growth throughout puberty. A total of 51 male rats (21\u00a0days old) were divided randomly into three groups: a control group and two groups fed caffeine via gavage with 120 and 180\u00a0mg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00a0day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for 4\u00a0weeks. After death, the final length and weight of leg bones were measured, and the tibia processed for histomorphometric analysis. Caffeine caused a significant decrease in body mass gain. This was accompanied with proportional decreases in lean body mass and body fat. In addition, bone mass and osteogenic activity <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> were assessed using dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry and <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010NaF positron emission tomography. The results showed significant decreases of bone mass and <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> osteogenic activity in the caffeine\u2010fed groups. Rats fed with caffeine showed a significantly shorter and lighter tibia and femur and the vertebral column compared with controls. In addition, caffeine does not increase the width of the growth plates (GPs), it slows the rate at which the GP closes due to a slower rate of growth. These results demonstrated that caffeine altered osteogenic activity, leading to delayed peripubertal longitudinal bone growth and maturation. Given that osteogenic cells undergo dynamic changes in metabolic activity and that the pubertal growth spurt is mainly stimulated by growth hormone\/insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 and sex steroids during pubertal development, caffeine could suppress ossification by interfering with both physiological changes in hormonal secretion and osteogenic activity during this critical period. Further study will be needed to investigate the cellular\/molecular mechanism by which caffeine affects osteogenesis using <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> experimental models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,4]],"date-time":"2015-06-04T00:15:33Z","timestamp":1433376933000},"page":"10-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["High doses of caffeine reduce <i>in\u00a0vivo<\/i> osteogenic activity in prepubertal rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Jiwon","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology Department of Anatomy &amp; Cell Biology College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive 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