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Large muscle excursions and high contraction velocities are important components of leaping, and experimental studies indicate that during leaping by <jats:italic>G.\u00a0senegalensis<\/jats:italic>, peak power is facilitated by elastic storage of energy. To date, however, little is known about the functional relationship between epaxial muscle fiber architecture and locomotion in leaping primates. Here, fiber architecture of select epaxial muscles is compared between <jats:italic>G.\u00a0senegalensis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4) and the slow arboreal quadruped, <jats:italic>Nycticebus\u00a0coucang<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4). The hypothesis is tested that <jats:italic>G.\u00a0senegalensis<\/jats:italic> exhibits architectural features of the epaxial muscles that facilitate rapid and powerful spinal extension during the take\u2010off phase of leaping. As predicted, <jats:italic>G.\u00a0senegalensis<\/jats:italic> epaxial muscles have relatively longer, less pinnate fibers and higher ratios of tendon length\u2010to\u2010fiber length, indicating the capacity for generating relatively larger muscle excursions, higher whole\u2010muscle contraction velocities, and a greater capacity for elastic energy storage. Thus, the relatively longer fibers and higher tendon length\u2010to\u2010fiber length ratios can be functionally linked to leaping performance in <jats:italic>G.\u00a0senegalensis<\/jats:italic>. It is further predicted that <jats:italic>G.\u00a0senegalensis<\/jats:italic> epaxial muscles have relatively smaller physiological cross\u2010sectional areas (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCSAs<\/jats:styled-content>) as a consequence of an architectural trade\u2010off between fiber length (excursion) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCSA<\/jats:styled-content> (force). Contrary to this prediction, there are no species differences in relative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCSA<\/jats:styled-content>s, but the smaller\u2010bodied <jats:italic>G.\u00a0senegalensis<\/jats:italic> trends towards relatively larger epaxial muscle mass. These findings suggest that relative increase in muscle mass in <jats:italic>G.\u00a0senegalensis<\/jats:italic> is largely attributable to longer fibers. The relative increase in erector spinae muscle mass may facilitate sagittal flexibility during leaping. The similarity between species in relative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCSA<\/jats:styled-content>s provides empirical support for previous work linking osteological features of the vertebral column in lorisids with axial stability and reduced muscular effort associated with slow, deliberate movements during anti\u2010pronograde locomotion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,17]],"date-time":"2015-07-17T02:15:52Z","timestamp":1437099352000},"page":"524-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Epaxial muscle fiber architecture favors enhanced excursion and power in the leaper <i><scp>G<\/scp>alago senegalensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Emranul","family":"Huq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences Stony Brook University Stony 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