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In this study, we evaluate the structural changes that occur during lamina propria degradation and focus these efforts on apoptosis and microvascular density. Fragments of maxilla containing the first molars from 9\u2010, 11\u2010, 13\u2010 and 16\u2010day\u2010old rats were fixed, decalcified and embedded in paraffin. The immunohistochemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), caspase\u20103 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAC<\/jats:styled-content>387 (macrophage marker), and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content> method were applied to the histological molar sections. The numerical density of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive cells and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive blood vessel profiles were also obtained. Data were statistically evaluated using a one\u2010way <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc> with the <jats:italic>post\u2010hoc<\/jats:italic> Kruskal\u2013Wallis or Tukey test and a significance level of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05. Fragments of maxilla were embedded in Araldite for analysis under transmission electron microscopy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEM<\/jats:styled-content>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive structures, fibroblasts with strongly basophilic nuclei and macrophages were observed in the lamina propria at all ages. Using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TEM<\/jats:styled-content>, we identified processes of fibroblasts or macrophages surrounding partially apoptotic cells. We found a high number of apoptotic cells in 11\u2010, 13\u2010 and 16\u2010day\u2010old rats. We observed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive blood vessel profiles at all ages, but a significant decrease in the numerical density was found in 13\u2010 and 16\u2010day\u2010old rats compared with 9\u2010day\u2010old rats. Therefore, the establishment of the eruptive pathway during the mucosal penetration stage depends on cell death by apoptosis, the phagocytic activity of fibroblasts and macrophages, and a decrease in the microvasculature due to vascular cell death. These data point to the importance of vascular rearrangement and vascular neoformation during tooth eruption and the development of oral mucosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]],"date-time":"2015-07-31T02:48:06Z","timestamp":1438310886000},"page":"487-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Apoptosis and reduced microvascular density of the lamina propria during tooth eruption in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Paulo","family":"de Pizzol J\u00fanior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Genetics Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP) S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estela","family":"Sasso\u2010Cerri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental School \u2013 Laboratory of Histology and 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