{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:58:30Z","timestamp":1790755110237,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004271","name":"Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#RBAP10Z7FS_001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#RBAP10Z7FS_001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA182322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA182322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pancreatic duct glands (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s) are tubule\u2010alveolar glands associated with the pancreatic duct system and can be considered the anatomical counterpart of peribiliary glands (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s) found within the biliary tree. Recently, we demonstrated that endodermal precursor niches exist fetally and postnatally and are composed functionally of stem cells and progenitors within\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s and of committed progenitors within\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s. Here we have characterized more extensively the anatomy of human\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s as novel niches containing cells with multiple phenotypes of committed progenitors. Human pancreata (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a015) were obtained from cadaveric adult donors. Specimens were processed for histology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s were found in the walls of larger pancreatic ducts (diameters &gt;\u00a0300\u00a0\u03bcm) and constituted nearly 4% of the duct wall area. All of the cells identified were negative for nuclear expression of Oct4, a pluripotency gene, and so are presumably committed progenitors and not stem cells. In the main pancreatic duct and in large interlobular ducts, Sox9\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells represented 5\u201330% of the cells within\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s and were located primarily at the bottom of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s, whereas rare and scattered Sox9\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells were present within the surface epithelium. The expression of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , a marker of cell proliferation, paralleled the distribution of Sox9 expression. Sox9\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cells proved to be Pdx1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Ngn3\n                    <jats:sup>+\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Oct4A\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Nearly 10% of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cells were positive for insulin or glucagon. Intercalated ducts contained Sox9\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Pdx1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Ngn3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells, a phenotype that is presumptive of committed endocrine progenitors. Some intercalated ducts appeared in continuity with clusters of insulin\u2010positive cells organized in small pancreatic islet\u2010like structures. In summary,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s represent niches of a population of Sox9\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells exhibiting a pattern of phenotypic traits implicating a radial axis of maturation from the bottoms of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s to the surface of pancreatic ducts. Our results complete the anatomical background that links biliary and pancreatic tracts and could have important implications for the common patho\u2010physiology of biliary tract and pancreas.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T01:32:08Z","timestamp":1448587928000},"page":"474-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Progenitor cell niches in the human pancreatic duct system and associated pancreatic duct glands: an anatomical and immunophenotyping study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Guido","family":"Carpino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences University of Rome \u2018Foro Italico\u2019 Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Renzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Cardinale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico\u2010Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Franchitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Onori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diletta","family":"Overi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale Bartolomeo","family":"Berloco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Alvaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico\u2010Surgical Sciences and 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