{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:53:50Z","timestamp":1790394830295,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012070","name":"Anatomical Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"SMA Trust"},{"name":"Muscular Dystrophy UK","award":["RA2\/3040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA2\/3040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Spinal muscular atrophy (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is a neuromuscular disease characterised primarily by loss of lower motor neurons from the ventral grey horn of the spinal cord and proximal muscle atrophy. Recent experiments utilising mouse models of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    have demonstrated that not all motor neurons are equally susceptible to the disease, revealing that other populations of neurons can also be affected. Here, we have extended investigations of selective vulnerability of neuronal populations in the spinal cord of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    mice to include comparative assessments of alpha motor neuron (\u03b1\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and gamma motor neuron (\u03b3\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) pools, as well as other populations of cholinergic neurons. Immunohistochemical analyses of late\u2010symptomatic\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    mouse spinal cord revealed that numbers of \u03b1\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s were significantly reduced at all levels of the spinal cord compared with controls, whereas numbers of \u03b3\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s remained stable. Likewise, the average size of \u03b1\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cell somata was decreased in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    mice with no change occurring in \u03b3\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s. Evaluation of other pools of spinal cord cholinergic neurons revealed that pre\u2010ganglionic sympathetic neurons, central canal cluster interneurons, partition interneurons and preganglionic autonomic dorsal commissural nucleus neuron numbers all remained unaffected in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that \u03b1\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s are uniquely vulnerable among cholinergic neuron populations in the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    mouse spinal cord, with \u03b3\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s and other cholinergic neuronal populations being largely spared.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T01:32:45Z","timestamp":1447723965000},"page":"443-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Selective loss of alpha motor neurons with sparing of gamma motor neurons and spinal cord cholinergic neurons in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Rachael A.","family":"Powis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Centre for Integrative Physiology School of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Gillingwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Centre for Integrative Physiology School of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738050200110301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1160-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902290305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.11.1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2011.00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082654"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5584-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.01.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338627"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906809106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901830106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902690309"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(68)90096-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq330"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/71709"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135722"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn156"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90460-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015457"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60921-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(75)90207-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611134104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22813"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.7.1177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-010-0095-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(02)00332-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81632-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12168"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2008.057950"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00312979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22450"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12083"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8104-4-42"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.007245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(74)90050-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374247-6.50020-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2004.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-006-0156-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12063"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoa.12419","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoa.12419","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.12419","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T06:20:25Z","timestamp":1696227625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.12419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.12419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.12419","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-10-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-11-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}