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Control <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice were kept sedentary. Morphological evaluation demonstrated increased fibrosis in the diaphragm of exercised <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice (33.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.0% area of fibrosis) compared with control <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice (20.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7% area of fibrosis). Increased (26%) activity of MMP\u20102, a marker of fibrosis, was detected in the diaphragms from exercised <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice. Morphological evaluation of the heart demonstrated a 45% increase in fibrosis in the right ventricle (8.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6% in sedentary vs. 12.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6% of fibrosis in exercised) and in the left ventricle (35% increase) in the exercised <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice. The density of inflammatory cells\u2013degenerating cardiomyocytes increased 95% in the right ventricle (2.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6 in sedentary vs. 4.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8 in exercised) and 71% in the left ventricle (1.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6 sedentary vs. 2.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5 exercised). The levels of both active MMP\u20102 and the pro\u2010fibrotic factor transforming growth factor beta were elevated in the hearts of exercised compared with sedentary <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice. The wall thickness\u00a0to\u00a0lumen diameter ratio of the pulmonary trunk was significantly increased in the exercised <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice (0.11\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04 in sedentary vs. 0.28\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.12 in exercised), as was the thickness of the right ventricle wall, which suggests the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension in those animals. It is suggested that diaphragm degeneration is a main contributor to right ventricle dystrophic pathology. These findings may be relevant for future interventional studies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy\u2010associated cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,29]],"date-time":"2016-01-29T10:27:17Z","timestamp":1454063237000},"page":"784-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Diaphragm degeneration and cardiac structure in <i>mdx<\/i> mouse: potential clinical implications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Isabel Cristina Chagas","family":"Barbin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliano 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