{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T01:51:20Z","timestamp":1771465880495,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]],"date-time":"2016-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although seen frequently during dissections and autopsies, <jats:italic>Hyperostosis frontalis interna<\/jats:italic> (HFI) \u2013 a morphological pattern of the frontal bone thickening \u2013 is often ignored and its nature and development are not yet understood sufficiently. Current macroscopic classification defines four grades\/stages of HFI based on the morphological appearance and size of the affected area; however, it is unclear if these stages also depict the successive phases in the HFI development. Here we assessed 3D\u2010microarchitecture of the frontal bone in women with various degrees of HFI expression and in an age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched control group, hypothesizing that the bone microarchitecture bears imprints of the pathogenesis of HFI and may clarify the phases of its development. Frontal bone samples were collected during routine autopsies from 20 women with HFI (age: 69.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.1\u00a0years) and 14 women without HFI (age: 74.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.7\u00a0years). We classified the HFI samples into four groups, each group demonstrating different macroscopic type or stage of HFI. All samples were scanned by micro\u2010computed tomography to evaluate 3D bone microarchitecture in the following regions of interest: total sample, outer table, diploe and inner table. Our results revealed that, compared to the control group, the women with HFI showed a significantly increased bone volume fraction in the region of diploe, along with significantly thicker and more plate\u2010like shaped trabeculae and reduced trabecular separation and connectivity density. Moreover, the inner table of the frontal bone in women with HFI displayed significantly increased total porosity and mean pore diameter compared to controls. Microstructural reorganization of the frontal bone in women with HFI was also reflected in significantly higher porosity and lower bone volume fraction in the inner vs. outer table due to an increased number of pores larger than 100\u00a0\u03bcm. The individual comparisons between the control group and different macroscopic stages of HFI revealed significant differences only between the control group and the morphologically most pronounced type of HFI. Our microarchitectural findings demonstrated clear differences between the HFI and the control group in the region of diploe and the inner table. Macroscopic grades of HFI could not be distinguished at the level of bone microarchitecture and their consecutive nature cannot be supported. Rather, our study suggests that only two different types of HFI (moderate and severe HFI) have microstructural justification and should be considered further. It is essential to record HFI systematically in human postmortem subjects to provide more data on the mechanisms of its development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]],"date-time":"2016-06-09T08:25:50Z","timestamp":1465460750000},"page":"673-680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["3D\u2010Microarchitectural patterns of <i>Hyperostosis frontalis interna<\/i>: a micro\u2010computed tomography study in aged women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"Djurdja","family":"Bracanovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Anthropology Department of Anatomy School of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Radiology School of Dentistry University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danijela","family":"Djonic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Anthropology Department of Anatomy School of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Slobodan","family":"Nikolic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine School of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petar","family":"Milovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Anthropology Department of Anatomy School of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Rakocevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology School of Dentistry University of Belgrade Belgrade 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Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050917"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2004173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hyperostosis frontalis interna in postmenopausal women \u2013 possible relation to osteoporosis","volume":"19","author":"Djonic D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Women 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