{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:52:43Z","timestamp":1774529563412,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The human endolymphatic sac has been shown recently to have immunological capacities and has thus been proposed as the main entity protecting the inner ear from pathogen invasion, equivalent to mucosa\u2010associated lymphoid tissue (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MALT<\/jats:styled-content>). Although the sac expresses molecules of the innate immune system, the potential expression of members of the important mucin family has not been detailed. Thus, this paper explores endolymphatic sac expression of a number of mucins and mucin precursors. Twelve fresh tissue samples from the human endolymphatic sac were obtained during translabyrinthine surgery. The expression of Mucin 1, 2, 5B\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> and 16, as well as the core structure elements (mucin precursors) T\u2010antigen, Tn\u2010antigen and Sialyl\u2010Tn\u2010antigen was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The endolymphatic sac epithelium expressed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MUC<\/jats:styled-content>1 (both apically towards the endolymphatic sac (ES) lumen and basally towards the capillary network), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MUC<\/jats:styled-content> 16 and Tn\u2010antigen. There was no labeling after incubation with antibodies against T\u2010antigen, sialyl\u2010Tn\u2010antigen, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MUC<\/jats:styled-content>2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MUC<\/jats:styled-content>5B\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content>. We conclude that the human endolymphatic sac epithelium expresses a number of mucin molecules, which supports the hypothesis of the sac as the primary immunological tissue structure of the inner ear, equivalent to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MALT<\/jats:styled-content> in other organs. The mucins may also play a role in the formation and continuous homeostasis of the inner ear fluids, as well as the pathogenesis of Meniere's disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T08:57:22Z","timestamp":1478509042000},"page":"297-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Innate immune defense in the inner ear \u2013 mucines are expressed by the human endolymphatic sac"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Martin N.","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Rigshospitalet Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svend","family":"Kirkeby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine Dental School Panum Institute Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Cay\u00e9\u2010Thomasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Rigshospitalet Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen 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