{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T06:43:28Z","timestamp":1696315408536},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]],"date-time":"2016-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"experiment.com"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The production of echolocation calls in bats along with forces produced by contraction of thoracic musculature used in flight presumably puts relatively high mechanical loads on the lower respiratory tract (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LRT<\/jats:styled-content>). Thus, there are likely adaptations to prevent collapse or distortion of the bronchial tree and trachea during flight in echolocating bats. By clearing and staining (Alcian blue and Alizarin red) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LRT<\/jats:styled-content>s removed from nonvolant neonates, semivolant juveniles, volant subadults, and adult Jamaican fruit bats (<jats:italic>Artibeus jamaicensis<\/jats:italic>), I found that calcification of the tracheal, primary bronchial, and secondary bronchial (lobar) cartilage rings occurs over the span of about 3\u00a0days and coincides with later developmental stages of flight and the increased production of echolocation calls. Tracheal rings that are immediately adjacent to the larynx calcified first, followed by more caudal tracheal rings and then the rings of the primary and secondary bronchi. I suggest that calcification of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LRT<\/jats:styled-content> cartilage rings in echolocating bats provides increased rigidity to counter the thoracic compressions incurred during flight. Calcification of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LRT<\/jats:styled-content> rings is an adaptation to support the emission of laryngeally produced echolocation calls during flight in bats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]],"date-time":"2016-12-30T00:50:52Z","timestamp":1483059052000},"page":"589-595","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Calcification of the lower respiratory tract in relation to flight development in Jamaican fruit bats (Phyllostomidae, <i>Artibeus jamaicensis<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Richard T.","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dayton Dayton OH 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