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Among the first antiresorptive substances used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is calcitonin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>), a hypocalcemic hormone that potently inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption. Natural <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> is produced and secreted by thyroid C\u2010cells. The other endocrine population of thyroid cells produces thyroid hormones (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TH<\/jats:styled-content>), which also affect bone turnover. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of salmon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> on trabecular bone microarchitecture with special reference to effects on the structure and function of both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT\u2010<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TH\u2010<\/jats:styled-content>producing thyroid cells in orchidectomized (Orx) middle\u2010aged rats. Twenty\u2010four male Wistar rats aged 15\u00a0months were randomly divided into Orx and sham\u2010operated (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SO<\/jats:styled-content>) groups. One group of Orx animals received (s.c.) synthetic salmon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> (Orx\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>; 100\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IU<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> b.w.) subcutaneously every second day for 6 weeks. The second Orx group and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SO<\/jats:styled-content> rats were given the same volume of vehicle alone by the same schedule. Trabecular bone histomorphometrical parameters were: cancellous bone area (B.Ar), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were obtained with an <jats:sc>ImageJ<\/jats:sc> public\u2010domain image\u2010processing program. The peroxidase\u2013antiperoxidase method was applied for localization of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> in C\u2010cells. Anti\u2010human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> antisera served as the primary antibodies. For immunohistochemical characterization of vascular endothelial growth factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>) in thyroid tissue, rabbit antisera against human VEGF, served as primary antibodies. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010immunopositive thyroid C\u2010cells, thyroid follicular epithelium, interstitium and colloid were evaluated morphometrically. Blood serum samples were analyzed for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>, osteocalcin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OC<\/jats:styled-content>), and thyroxine (T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), and calcium (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>) concentration was determined in urine samples. Salmon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> application significantly increased B.Ar, TbTh and TbN, but markedly decreased Tb.Sp. Administration of exogenous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> significantly decreased mean volume (Vc) and relative volume density (Vv) of thyroid C\u2010cells in relation to both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SO<\/jats:styled-content> and Orx groups. The Vv of the colloid was higher, whereas the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> of the follicular epithelium was lower after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> treatment compared with Orx alone. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> treatment markedly elevated serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>, whereas serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OC<\/jats:styled-content>, T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and urinary Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentrations were lower than in the Orx group. These results indicate that salmon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> stimulates trabecular bone microarchitecture, strongly inhibits thyroid C\u2010cells and changes the structure of the thyroid gland, indicating hypoactivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]],"date-time":"2017-02-21T16:11:38Z","timestamp":1487693498000},"page":"787-795","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Response of trabecular bone, thyroid C and follicular cells to synthetic salmon calcitonin in middle\u2010aged orchidectomized male rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Branko","family":"Filipovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytology Institute for Biological Research \u2018Sini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u2019 University of Belgrade Belgrade 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