{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T23:29:01Z","timestamp":1790465341114,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11150175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11150175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The bones of the mammalian skull respond plastically to changes in masticatory function. However, the extent to which muscle function affects the growth and development of the skull, whose regions have different maturity patterns, remains unclear. Using muscle dissection and 3D landmark\u2010based geometric morphometrics we investigated the effect of changes in muscle function established either before or after weaning, on skull shape and muscle mass in adult mice. We compared temporalis and masseter mass and skull shape in mice with a congenital muscle dystrophy (\n                    <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and wild type (wt) mice fed on either a hard or a soft diet. We found that dystrophy and diet have distinct effects on the morphology of the skull and the masticatory muscles.\n                    <jats:italic>Mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice show a flattened neurocranium with a more dorsally displaced foramen magnum and an anteriorly placed mandibular condyle compared with wt mice. Compared with hard diet mice, soft diet mice had lower masseter mass and a face with more gracile features as well as labially inclined incisors, suggesting reduced bite strength. Thus, while the early\u2010maturing neurocranium and the posterior portion of the mandible are affected by the congenital dystrophy, the late\u2010maturing face including the anterior part of the mandible responds to dietary differences irrespective of the\n                    <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation. Our study confirms a hierarchical, tripartite organisation of the skull (comprising neurocranium, face and mandible) with a modular division based on development and function. Moreover, we provide further experimental evidence that masticatory loading is one of the main environmental stimuli that generate craniofacial variation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,31]],"date-time":"2017-07-31T23:36:45Z","timestamp":1501544205000},"page":"736-748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Congenital muscle dystrophy and diet consistency affect mouse skull shape differently"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Spassov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Pathophysiology University Medicine Greifswald Karlsburg 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