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Changes in foot function during development, in particular the nature of how the hallux is used in grasping, can lead to different structural changes in foot bones. To test this hypothesis, metatarsal midshaft rigidity [estimated from the polar second moment of area (<jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>) scaled to bone length] and cross\u2010sectional shape (calculated from the ratio of maximum and minimum second moments of area, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>min<\/jats:sub>) were examined in a cross\u2010sectional ontogenetic sample of rhesus macaques (<jats:italic>Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic>;<jats:italic> n\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u200573) and common chimpanzees (<jats:italic>Pan troglodytes<\/jats:italic>;<jats:italic> n\u2005<\/jats:italic>=\u200579). Results show the hallucal metatarsal (Mt1) is relatively more rigid (with higher scaled <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>\u2010values) in younger chimpanzees and macaques, with significant decreases in relative rigidity in both taxa until the age of achieving locomotor independence. Within each age group, Mt1 rigidity is always significantly higher in chimpanzees than macaques. When compared with the lateral metatarsals (Mt2\u20135), the Mt1 is relatively more rigid in both taxa and across all ages; however, this difference is significantly greater in chimpanzees. Length and <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic> scale with negative allometry in all metatarsals and in both species (except the Mt2 of chimpanzees, which scales with positive allometry). Only in macaques does Mt1 midshaft shape significantly change across ontogeny, with older individuals having more elliptical cross\u2010sections. 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