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Here, we analyzed the acoustic\u2010facial cistern of the human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAC<\/jats:styled-content>, including nerves and anastomoses using synchrotron phase contrast imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCI<\/jats:styled-content>). A total of 26 fresh human temporal bones underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCI<\/jats:styled-content>. Data were processed using volume\u2010rendering software to create three\u2010dimensional (3D) reconstructions allowing soft tissue analyses, orthogonal sectioning, and cropping. A scalar opacity mapping tool was used to enhance tissue surface borders, and anatomical structures were color\u2010labeled for improved 3D comprehension of the soft tissues.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> SR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCI<\/jats:styled-content> reproduced, for the first time, the variable 3D anatomy of the human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAC<\/jats:styled-content>, including cranial nerve complexes, anastomoses, and arachnoid membrane invagination (acoustic\u2010facial cistern; an extension of the cerebellopontine cistern) in unprocessed, un\u2010decalcified specimens. An unrecognized system of arachnoid pillars and trabeculae was found to extend between the arachnoid and cranial nerves. We confirmed earlier findings that intra\u2010meatal vestibular schwannoma may grow unseparated from adjacent nerves without duplication of the arachnoid layers. The arachnoid pillars may support and stabilize cranial nerves in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAC<\/jats:styled-content> and could also play a role in local fluid hydrodynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T07:24:55Z","timestamp":1545204295000},"page":"316-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional imaging of the human internal acoustic canal and arachnoid cistern: a synchrotron study with clinical implications"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8121-522X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueshuang","family":"Mei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences Section\u00a0of Otolaryngology Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Schart\u2010Mor\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences Section\u00a0of Otolaryngology Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences Section\u00a0of Otolaryngology Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanif M.","family":"Ladak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Department of Medical Biophysics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Behr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Outpatient Clinic Klinikum Fulda Academic Hospital of University of Marburg Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Rask\u2010Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences Section\u00a0of Otolaryngology Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-001-0331-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488409107591"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487309121495"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Zur Innervation der Macula sacculi bei S\u00e4ugetieren","volume":"58","author":"Burlet HM","year":"1924","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1975.00780340028006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2017.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000385386"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1973.00780010153011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"FluurE.Posterior fossa approach in Meniere\u2032s disease in the Proceedings of the Tenth World Congress of O.R.L. 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