{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:17:12Z","timestamp":1788999432894,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion","award":["PICT 2016 N\u00b0 0159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2016 N\u00b0 0159"]}]},{"name":"Council National Scientific and Technical Research","award":["PIP 112201301-00733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIP 112201301-00733"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the embryonic development and variation of the chondrocranium in Crocodylia and there are no works on any <jats:italic>Caiman<\/jats:italic> species. Due to the importance of cranial features in the systematics of this clade, investigating the development of the skull in embryonic stages is essential. In this study, we present for the first time the development of the cartilaginous skull of two extant <jats:italic>Caiman<\/jats:italic> species. Anatomical descriptions of the embryonic chondrocranium of <jats:italic>Caiman latirostris<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Caiman\u00a0yacare<\/jats:italic> were made, paying special attention to their inter\u2010 and intraspecific variation. For this purpose, pre\u2010hatching ontogenetic cranial series of these two caiman species were prepared with a double staining and diaphanization technique. The main differences with other crocodylian species were observed in the palatoquadrate, and interspecific variation within the genus was recorded in the hyobranchial apparatus and larynx. Some characters may be distinctive of <jats:italic>Caiman<\/jats:italic> (posterior and ventral surface of the otic process of the palatoquadrate articulated with the dorsal process of the columella auris, and otic process articulated with the lateral wall of the auditory capsule), Alligatoridae (presence of an epiphanial foramen) or <jats:italic>C. latirostris<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C.\u00a0yacare<\/jats:italic> (Corpus hyoidei with different number and position of foramina and different shapes of its anterior contour and anterior and posterior notch, different degrees of broadening of the distal end of the Cornu branchiale I, and presence\/absence of a notch in the posteroventral surface of the cricoid). Homologies of the elements belonging to the hyobranchial apparatus could not be confirmed. As in other tetrapods the trachea consists of incomplete cartilaginous rings. Morphological changes and dissimilarities found in this study are useful as a context to start studying phylogenetic constraints. Moreover, in a heterochronic context, variations may be involved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T19:51:33Z","timestamp":1552420293000},"page":"899-916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Development of the chondrocranium of two caiman species, <i>Caiman latirostris<\/i> and <i>Caiman yacare<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4704-8549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda V.","family":"Fernandez Blanco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Paleontolog\u00eda Vertebrados Museo de La Plata Universidad Nacional de La Plata Unidades de Investigaci\u00f3n Anexo Museo La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"CONICET Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Biology of the Reptilia","author":"Bellairs ADA","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.0843"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2011.00716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2007.00758.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050050202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052120205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Sur les diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces de crocodiles vivans et sur leurs caract\u00e8res distinctifs","volume":"10","author":"Cuvier GL","year":"1807","journal-title":"Ann du Mus Hist Nat Paris"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"452","volume-title":"Histoire Naturelle, G\u00e9n\u00e9rale et Particuli\u00e8re des Reptiles. 2nd edn.","author":"Daudin FM","year":"1802"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"555","volume-title":"The Development of the Vertebrate Skull","author":"De Beer GR","year":"1937"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3897\/vz.64.e31465","article-title":"Nasal cartilages, hyobranchial apparatus, larynx, and glottal tubes in four species of Hydropsini (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae)","volume":"64","author":"Di Pietro DO","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vertebr Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"493","volume-title":"The Cranial Muscles of Vertebrates","author":"Edgeworth FH","year":"1935"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"427","volume-title":"Wildlife Management: Crocodiles and Alligators","author":"Ferguson MWJ","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Das Zungenbein der Wirbeltiere, insbesondere der Reptilien und V\u00f6gel","volume":"11","author":"F\u00fcrbringer M","year":"1922","journal-title":"Abh Heidelb Akad Wiss Math Nat Kl B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"The development of the columella auris in the Crocodilia","volume":"59","author":"Goldby F","year":"1925","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Der Kehlkopf der Amphibien und Reptilian","volume":"28","author":"G\u00f6ppert E","year":"1900","journal-title":"Morph Jb"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2012.713814"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Biology of the Reptilia","author":"Iordansky NN","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.20413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"The cranial anatomy of early ontogenetic stages of Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1802) and the significance of some of its cranial structures for the evolution of tetrapods","volume":"215","author":"Klembara J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Palaeontogr Abt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"The parasphenoid and associated dermal structures of the parabasisphenoid of Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1802)","volume":"228","author":"Klembara J","year":"1993","journal-title":"Palaeontogr Abt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10380"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-71082000000100019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/1042-7260(2005)036[0012:RBOSAA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR9800479"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"On the occurrence of a Jacobson's organ, with notes on development of nasal cavity, lachrymal duct, and harderian gland in Crocodilus porosus","volume":"27","author":"Meek A","year":"1893","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"On the morphogenesis of the head of the crocodile (Crocodilus porosus)","volume":"45","author":"Meek A","year":"1911","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"50","volume-title":"The Skull of the Crocodile. A Manual for Students. Studies in Comparative Anatomy I","author":"Miall LC","year":"1878"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.75658"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.75851"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1883.tb00361.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21335"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2012.646833"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"358","volume-title":"The Alligator and its Allies","author":"Reese AM","year":"1915"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","first-page":"772","volume-title":"Osteology of the Reptiles","author":"Romer AS","year":"1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.2490"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152453"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/1568-VETMED"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","first-page":"374","volume-title":"Historiae Amphibiorun Naturalis et Literariae. Fasciculis Secundus: Continens Crococodilos, Scincos, Chamaesauras, Boas, Pseudoboas, Elapes, Angues, Arnphisbaenas et Caecilias","author":"Schneider JG","year":"1801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Biology of the Reptilia","author":"Schumacher GH","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Studien zur Kenntnis des Wirbeltierkopfes","volume":"50","author":"Shiino K","year":"1914","journal-title":"Anat Embryol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Animalia Nova Sive Species Novae Lacertarum Quas in Itinere per Brasiliam Annis MDCCCXVII\u2013MDCCCXX Jussu et Auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae Regis Suscepto Collegit et Descripsit Dr. J. B. de Spix","author":"Spix JB","year":"1825"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study","volume":"9","author":"Taylor WR","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cybium"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjz-2018-0076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Reptilien. 1. Biologie und Entwicklung der ausseren Korperform von Crocodilus madagascariensis","volume":"26","author":"Voeltzkow A","year":"1899","journal-title":"Abhandl Senckenb Naturf Ges"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Character definition and tempus optimum in comparative chondrocranial research","author":"Werneburg I","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Zool"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052250304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.22747"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoa.12968","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.12968","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joa.12968","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.12968","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:55:43Z","timestamp":1694393743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.12968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.12968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.12968","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}