{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:11:54Z","timestamp":1787317914718,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The ligament of the head of femur (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), or ligamentum teres, is believed to provide blood supply to the head of femur and mechanical stability to the hip joint. But these functions in the adult are often debated. The existence and distribution of neurovascular structures within the ligament are not widely documented. This study examined the blood vessels and nervous tissue within the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    to determine whether the ligament may have a vascular and proprioceptive function at the hip joint. Histological sections from the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    from 10 embalmed hips (six female, four male; mean age 80.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.7\u00a0years) were cut at three levels: the foveal attachment, mid\u2010length and its base where it attaches to the transverse acetabular ligament. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to study general tissue architecture or with von Willebrand factor and neurofilament to identify blood vessels and nervous tissue, respectively. The proportion of the ligament's cross\u2010sectional area occupied by blood vessels was expressed as a vascularity index (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). Nerve endings within the ligament were identified and morphologically classified. Comparisons between the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    at the three levels, or between the tissue layers of the ligament, were made using 95% confidence intervals; statistical significance was set\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05. The ligament tissue comprised three distinct layers: a synovial lining with cuboidal cells, a sub\u2010synovial zone formed of loose connective tissue and the ligament proper composed of dense collagen bundles. Patent blood vessels and nerve fibres were present both in the sub\u2010synovial zone and the ligament proper; Pacinian corpuscles and free nerve endings were found scattered only in the sub\u2010synovial zone. The\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    of the ligament proper at the fovea was significantly higher than its middle (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.01) and basal levels (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.04); it was also higher than that of the sub\u2010synovial layer (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.04). The\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    has three histologically distinct zones, and blood vessels and nerves are distributed both in the sub\u2010synovial layer and ligament proper. Higher vascularity within the ligament proper at its foveal insertion suggests a possible nutritive role of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    to the adult head of femur. The presence of nerves and nerve receptors indicates the ligament is involved in the perception of pain and proprioception, thereby contributing to mechanical stability of the joint.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T14:00:06Z","timestamp":1552917606000},"page":"778-786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Neurovascular structures of the ligament of the head of femur"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9610-5813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Perumal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Woodley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen D.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/hipint.5000072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B4.34638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B1.21421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Atherosclerosis of the vessels in the ligamentum teres. 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