{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T20:01:17Z","timestamp":1777320077971,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZSM201512017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM201512017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>The vomerovaginal canal (VVC<\/jats:styled-content>) and palatovaginal canal (PVC<\/jats:styled-content>) are two canals that open forward to the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF<\/jats:styled-content>). Although the anatomy and computed tomography (CT<\/jats:styled-content>) appearances of the PVC<\/jats:styled-content> have been well studied, the VVC<\/jats:styled-content> has been rarely reported, especially in endoscopic examinations. Some studies have even failed to distinguish the PVC<\/jats:styled-content> from the VVC<\/jats:styled-content> on CT<\/jats:styled-content> images. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the anatomy of the VVC<\/jats:styled-content> on endoscopy and reveal its differences from the PVC<\/jats:styled-content>, and to analyse the relative positions of the VVC<\/jats:styled-content>, PVC<\/jats:styled-content>, and pterygoid canal on CT<\/jats:styled-content> images. Ten dry skull bases were studied to observe the structures involved in the formation of the VVC<\/jats:styled-content>. Dissection of four cadaveric heads was performed to demonstrate the anatomy of the VVC<\/jats:styled-content> on endoscopy. Coronal CT<\/jats:styled-content> image analysis in 70 patients was conducted to evaluate the distances and relative positions between the VVC<\/jats:styled-content>, PVC<\/jats:styled-content>, and pterygoid canal. The PVC<\/jats:styled-content> and VVC<\/jats:styled-content> were also compared on axial CT<\/jats:styled-content> images. The osteological study showed the top wall of the VVC<\/jats:styled-content> was the antero\u2010inferior wall of the sphenoid sinus. The VVC<\/jats:styled-content> may be a helpful landmark in endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approaches. Steps and discrimination in the dissections of the VVC<\/jats:styled-content> and PVC<\/jats:styled-content> were described. The interval between the PVC<\/jats:styled-content> and VVC<\/jats:styled-content> could be observed on both coronal and axial CT<\/jats:styled-content> images. The coronal CT<\/jats:styled-content> images of patients showed differences in the positions and distances among the three canals at both the anterior and posterior apertures of the PVC<\/jats:styled-content>. The VVC<\/jats:styled-content> can be easily mistaken for the PVC<\/jats:styled-content> if its existence is not suspected. The anatomical morphologies and trajectories of the VVC<\/jats:styled-content> and PVC<\/jats:styled-content> differed on both nasal endoscopy and CT<\/jats:styled-content>. The existence of the VVC<\/jats:styled-content> should be considered during surgery and CT<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis within this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T16:42:47Z","timestamp":1557420167000},"page":"246-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Visualisation of the vomerovaginal canal during endonasal transpterygoid approaches and CT<\/scp> imaging diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Qing\u2010Guo","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Hospital of Shenzhen University Health science center Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Shenzhen 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Hui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery National Cancer Hospital\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"1148","article-title":"Posttraumatic epistaxis from injury to the pterygovaginal artery","volume":"17","author":"Borden NM","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Anatomy of palatovaginal canal in normal adults: multi\u2010slice spiral CT and curved planar reconstruction studies","volume":"43","author":"Chen J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J 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