{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T19:34:52Z","timestamp":1757705692837,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Roemex Ltd"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intrauterine environment is known to influence foetal development and future health. Low birthweight has been linked to smaller vertebral canals in children and decreased adulthood spine bone mineral content. Perinatal factors affecting lumbar spine curvature have not yet been considered but could be important for adult spinal health, as lumbar movement during lifting, a risk factor for backpain, is associated with lordosis. To investigate this, lumbar spine magnetic resonance images at age 10\u00a0years and perinatal and maternal data (birthweight, placental weight, gestation length, crown\u2010heel length, maternal age, height, weight and smoking status) from 161 children born in Aberdeen in 1988\u20131989 were acquired. Statistical shape modelling, using principal component analysis, quantified variations in lumbar spine shape and resulting modes of variation were assessed in combination with perinatal data using correlations and analyses of covariance, adjusted for potential confounders. Spine modes 1\u20133 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content>3) captured 75% of the variation in lumbar spine shape. The first and third modes described the total amount (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content>1) and evenness of curvature distribution (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content>3). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content>2 accounted for variations in antero\u2010posterior vertebral diameter relative to vertebral height, increasing positive scores representing a larger relative diameter. Adjusting for gestation length and sex, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content>2 positively correlated with birthweight (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.25, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01), placental weight (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.20, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.04), crown\u2010heel length (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.36, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) and maternal weight (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.19, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.04), and negatively with maternal age (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u22120.22, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.02). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content>2 scores were lower in girls (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) and in the low birthweight group (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.02). There were no significant differences in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SM<\/jats:styled-content>3 scores between birthweight groups, boys and girls or children of smokers (31%) and non\u2010smokers (69%). In conclusion, <jats:bold>s<\/jats:bold>ome perinatal factors were associated with vertebral body morphology but had little effect on lumbar curvature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T07:05:56Z","timestamp":1561014356000},"page":"749-756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Perinatal factors associate with vertebral size and shape but not lumbar lordosis in 10\u2010year\u2010old children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Anastasia V.","family":"Pavlova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet E.","family":"Jeffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0693-1194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard M.","family":"Aspden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19950021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-119203-7.50008-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(88)90082-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"791","article-title":"A radiographic study of the human fetal spine. 2. The sequence of development of ossification centres in the vertebral column","volume":"124","author":"Bagnall KM","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker382"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.07.464"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.130.3.537"},{"volume-title":"An Introduction to Medical Statistics","year":"2000","author":"Bland M","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr0102_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1931-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000149074.21550.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/20343922"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1995.1004"},{"volume-title":"The Growing Spine","year":"2010","author":"Dimeglio A","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.3.F229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/beem.2002.0199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000067086.39849.B3"},{"volume-title":"A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology","year":"2004","author":"Joseph KS","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"663","article-title":"Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"65","author":"Kramer MS","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318261f346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-9-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Relationship between length of gestation, birth weight and certain other factors: a statistical study","volume":"26","author":"Lesi\u0144ski J","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v037a03"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.137836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0013-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1925-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5957.552"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182241b04"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219519412004466"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816949e6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932003001615"},{"volume-title":"Clinically Oriented Anatomy","year":"1999","author":"Moore KL","key":"e_1_2_7_37_1"},{"volume-title":"Essential Clinical Anatomy","year":"2011","author":"Moore KL","key":"e_1_2_7_38_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v029a01"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3162-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12631"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000374"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197570"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198003000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0701-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23518"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000152379.54463.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.5.326"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3477-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011608"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02043"},{"volume-title":"Low Birthweight: Country, Regional and Global Estimates","year":"2004","author":"Wardlaw TM","key":"e_1_2_7_56_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.6.1233"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoa.13024","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.13024","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joa.13024","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.13024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T06:57:48Z","timestamp":1694329068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.13024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.13024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.13024","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-8782"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-7580"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}