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Although neurons in the nodose ganglion were labelled after injecting tracer into the carotid body, the vagal pathway to these baro\u2010 and chemoreceptors has not been identified. Neither has the glossopharyngeal intracranial afferent\/sensory pathway that connects to the brainstem been defined. We investigated both of these issues in male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a040) by injecting neural tracer wheat germ agglutinin\u2010horseradish peroxidase into: (i) the peripheral glossopharyngeal or vagal nerve trunk with or without the intracranial glossopharyngeal rootlet being rhizotomized; or (ii) the nucleus of the solitary tract right after dorsal and ventral intracranial glossopharyngeal rootlets were dissected. By examining whole\u2010mount tissues and brainstem sections, we verified that only the most rostral rootlet connects to the glossopharyngeal nerve and usually four caudal rootlets connect to the vagus nerve. Furthermore, vagal branches may: (i) join the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSN<\/jats:styled-content> originating from the pharyngeal nerve base, caudal nodose ganglion, and rostral or caudal superior laryngeal nerve; or (ii) connect directly to nerve endings in the middle segment of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICA<\/jats:styled-content> or to chemoreceptors in the carotid body. The aortic depressor nerve always presents and bifurcates from either the rostral or the caudal part of the superior laryngeal nerve. The vagus nerve seemingly provides redundant carotid baro\u2010 and chemoreceptors to work with the glossopharyngeal nerve. These innervations confer more extensive roles on the vagus nerve in regulating body energy that is supplied by the cardiovascular, pulmonary and digestive systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T10:35:43Z","timestamp":1564137343000},"page":"953-961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vagal baro\u2010 and chemoreceptors in middle internal carotid artery and carotid body in rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"235","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5734-4910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng\u2010Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"Mental Health Promotion Center National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"Doctoral Program in Cognitive Sciences National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High\u2010Tech Innovations National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Han","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Kuan","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien\u2010Liang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-06-02131.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970428)381:1<1::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(97)00085-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Sur la structure et l'innervation de la glande intercarotidienne (glomus caroticum) de l'homme et des mammif\u00e8res, et sur un nouveau syst\u00e8me d'innervation autonome du nerf glosopharyngien","volume":"24","author":"Castro F","year":"1926","journal-title":"Trav Lab Rech Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Sur la structure et l'innervation du sinus carotidien de l'homme et des mammif\u00e8res. 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