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Histological preparations of 25 human embryos (6\u20138\u00a0weeks of development) and 25 human fetuses (9\u201312\u00a0weeks of development) were studied bilaterally using a conventional optical microscope. Our study confirms the existence of the alar fascia and permits three stages to be established during its development. The initial stage (1st), corresponding to the 6th week of development (Carnegie stages 18\u201319), is characterized by the beginning of the alar fascia primordium in the retroesophageal space at the level of C7\u2010T1. In the formation stage (2nd), corresponding to the 7th and 8th weeks of development (Carnegie stages 20\u201323), the alar fascia primordium grows upwards and reaches the level of C2\u2013C3. In the maturation stage (3rd), beginning in the 9th week of development, the visceral, alar and prevertebral fasciae can be identified. The alar fascia divides the retrovisceral space (retropharyngeal and retroesophageal) into two spaces: one anterior (between the alar fascia and the visceral fascia and extending from C1 to T1, named retropharyngeal or retroesophageal space according to the level) and the other posterior (between the alar fascia and the prevertebral fascia, named danger space). We suggest that this latter space be named the retroalar space. This study suggests that alar fascia development is related to mechanical factors and that the alar fascia permits the sliding of the pharynx and the oesophagus during swallowing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T12:20:42Z","timestamp":1565958042000},"page":"1098-1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early stages of development of the alar fascia (human specimens at 6\u201312\u00a0weeks of development)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Anatomy and Embryology Department of Basic Health Sciences Rey Juan Carlos University Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3455-2378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Murillo\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Alfonso","family":"Arr\u00e1ez\u2010Aybar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cr\u00f3tida","family":"de la Cuadra\u2010Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Moreno\u2010Borreguero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Endocrinology University Hospital of Fuenlabrada Rey Juan Carlos University Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n","family":"M\u00e9rida\u2010Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1519280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2010.0535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"258","volume-title":"Trait\u00e9 d'Anatomie Humaine","author":"Charpy A","year":"1912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Anatomie Clinique","author":"Chevrel JP","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2740"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(82)90033-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/0954411981533854"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12866"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"430","article-title":"Fascia and spaces on the neck: myths and reality","volume":"51","author":"Feigl G","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Flum"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-018-1977-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000630303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2012.06231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"The development of mouth opening and related reflexes involving the oral area of human fetuses","volume":"5","author":"Humphrey T","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ala J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198612000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Anatom\u00eda. 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