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In the present study, we extended the morphological analysis CS by CS until the end of the embryonic period (CS23). A total of 48 samples between CS15 and CS23 belonging to the Kyoto Collection were used to acquire imaging data by performing phase\u2010contrast X\u2010ray computed tomography. Three\u2010dimensionally reconstructed bronchial trees revealed the timeline of morphogenesis during the embryonic period. Structures of the trachea and lobar bronchus showed no individual difference during the analyzed stages. The right superior lobar bronchus was formed after the generation of both the right middle lobar bronchus and the left superior lobar bronchus. The speed of formation of the segmental bronchi, sub\u2010segmental bronchi, and further generation seemed to vary among individual samples. The distribution of the end\u2010branch generation among five lobes was significantly different. The median branching generation value in the right middle lobe was significantly low compared with that of the other four lobes, whereas that of the right inferior lobe was significantly larger than that of both the right and left superior lobes. Variations found between CS20 and CS23 were all described in the human adult lung, indicating that variation in the bronchial tree may well arise during the embryonic period and continue throughout life. The data provided may contribute to a better understanding of bronchial tree formation during the human embryonic period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T05:50:54Z","timestamp":1586843454000},"page":"311-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The bronchial tree of the human embryo: an analysis of variations in the bronchial segments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Sena","family":"Fujii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiga","family":"Muranaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Matsubayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8194-6927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigehito","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Congenital Anomaly Research Center Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Yoneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAGA Light Source Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9660-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Takakuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"An analysis of variations in the bronchovascular patterns of the middle lobe of fifty dissected and twenty injected lungs","volume":"21","author":"Boyden E.A.","year":"1951","journal-title":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000790302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000820103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.16.3.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.21.1.g01ja06105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-015-0531-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-017-0754-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420010306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00519045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Developmental stages in human embryos: including a revision of Streeter\u2019s Horizons and a survey of the Carnegie Collection","author":"O'Rahilly R.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Early developmental stages of the human lung","volume":"36","author":"Palmer D.M.","year":"1936","journal-title":"Ohio Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.1991.tb00360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715564115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"Gray\u2019s Anatomy,","author":"Standring S.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Developmental horizons in human embryos. Description of age group XI, 13 to 20 somites, and age group XII, 21 to 29 somites","author":"Streeter G.L.","year":"1942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Developmental horizons in human embryos. Description of age group XIII, embryos about 4 or 5 millimeters long, and age group XIV, period of indentation of the lens vesicle","volume":"31","author":"Streeter G.L.","year":"1945","journal-title":"Contributions to Embryology Carnegie Institution of Washington"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Developmental horizons in human embryos. Description of age groups XV, XVI, XVII, and XVIII, being the third issue of a survey of the Carnegie Collection","volume":"82","author":"Streeter G.L.","year":"1948","journal-title":"Contribution to Embryology Carnegie Institution"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23314"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000950202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"Roentgenologic Anatomy of the Lung","author":"Yamashita H.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/20456"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjoa.13199","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.13199","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joa.13199","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.13199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T13:49:28Z","timestamp":1693403368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.13199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.13199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.13199","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}