{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:56:19Z","timestamp":1790240179733,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Development and Promotion of Science and Technology Talents project","award":["512044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["512044"]}]},{"name":"Stichting Rijp"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to the intrinsic enteric nervous system (ENS), development of the extrinsic ENS is poorly documented, even though its presence is easily detectable with histological techniques. We visualised its development in human embryos and foetuses of 4\u20139.5\u00a0weeks post\u2010fertilisation using Amira 3D\u2010reconstruction and Cinema 4D\u2010remodelling software. The extrinsic ENS originated from small, basophilic neural crest cells (NCCs) that migrated to the para\u2010aortic region and then continued ventrally to the pre\u2010aortic region, where they formed autonomic pre\u2010aortic plexuses. From here, nerve fibres extended along the ventral abdominal arteries and finally connected to the intrinsic system. Schwann cell precursors (SCPs), a subgroup of NCCs that migrate on nerve fibres, showed region\u2010specific differences in differentiation. SCPs developed into scattered chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla dorsolateral to the coeliac artery (CA) and into more tightly packed chromaffin cells of the para\u2010aortic bodies ventrolateral to the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), with reciprocal topographic gradients between both fates. The extrinsic ENS first extended along the CA and then along the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and IMA 5\u00a0days later. Apart from the branch to the caecum, extrinsic nerves did not extend along SMA branches in the herniated parts of the midgut until the gut loops had returned in the abdominal cavity, suggesting a permissive role of the intraperitoneal environment. Accordingly, extrinsic innervation had not yet reached the distal (colonic) loop of the midgut at 9.5\u00a0weeks development. Based on intrinsic ENS\u2010dependent architectural remodelling of the gut layers, extrinsic innervation followed intrinsic innervation 3\u20134 Carnegie stages later.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T19:43:27Z","timestamp":1593459807000},"page":"655-671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development of extrinsic innervation in the abdominal intestines of human embryos"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"237","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3871-1209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nutmethee","family":"Kruepunga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Embryology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill P. 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