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Therefore, understanding its form and function is of great relevance in vertebrate ecomorphology. However, it is striking that morphometric studies that quantify its morphological evolution in relation to function are scarce. The main goal of this study is to investigate the morphological evolution of the sacrum in relation to its function in the mammalian order Carnivora, using three\u2010dimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics. Principal component analysis under a phylogenetic background indicated that changes in sacrum morphology are mainly focused on the joint areas where it articulates with other parts of the skeleton allowing resistance to stress at these joints caused by increasing muscle loadings. In addition, we demonstrated that sacrum morphology is related to both the length of the tail relativised to the length of the body, and the length of the body relativised to body mass. We conclude that the sacrum in carnivores has evolved in response to the locomotor requirements of the species analysed, but in locomotion, each family has followed alternative morphological solutions to address the same functional demands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]],"date-time":"2020-07-12T14:30:43Z","timestamp":1594564243000},"page":"1087-1102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Morphological evolution of the carnivoran sacrum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"237","author":[{"given":"Juan Miguel","family":"Esteban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Geolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de M\u00e1laga M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0221-1103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Mart\u00edn\u2010Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Geolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de M\u00e1laga M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceferino","family":"Var\u00f3n\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9volution, Biodiversit\u00e9, ISYEB \u2013 UMR 7205 \u2013CNRS, MNHN UMPC, EPHE, Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire naturelle Institut de Syst\u00e9matique Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1417-4338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Geolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de M\u00e1laga M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Geolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de M\u00e1laga M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8371-5025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda y Radiolog\u00eda Universidad de Valladolid Valladolid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2542-3977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borja","family":"Figueirido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Geolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de M\u00e1laga M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Geomorph: software for geometric morphometric analyses","author":"Adams D.C.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Morphometric tools for landmark data: geometry and biology","author":"Bookstein F.L.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.1220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022014000300055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Meshlab: an open\u2010source mesh processing tool","volume":"2008","author":"Cignoni P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2014.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2007)88[347:BFAEAT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Atlas en color de anatom\u00eda veterinaria. 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