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However, the exact mechanism of how NO regulates these processes is still not fully understood. This study was designed to determine the possible sources of nitrergic nerve fibres supplying the heart attempting to imply their role in the cardiac neural control. Sections of medulla oblongata, vagal nerve, its rootlets and nodose ganglia, vagal cardiac branches, Th<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010Th<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> spinal cord segments, dorsal root ganglia of C<jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub>\u2010Th<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> spinal nerves, and stellate ganglia from 28 Wistar rats were examined applying double immunohistochemical staining for nNOS combined with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), peripherin, substance P, calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide, tyrosine hydroxylase or myelin basic protein. Our findings show that the most abundant population of purely nNOS\u2010immunoreactive (IR) neuronal somata (NS) was observed in the nodose ganglia (37.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3%). A high number of nitrergic NFs spread along the vagal nerve and entered its cardiac branches. All nitrergic neuronal somata (NS) in the nucleus ambiguus were simultaneously immunoreactive (IR) to ChAT and composed only a small subset of neurons (6%). In the dorsal nucleus of vagal nerve, biphenotypic nNOS\u2010IR\/ChAT\u2010IR neurons composed 7.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0%, while small purely nNOS\u2010IR neurons were scarce. Nitrergic NS were plentifully distributed within the nuclei of solitary tract. In the examined dorsal root and stellate ganglia, a few nitrergic NS were sporadically present. The majority of sympathetic NS in the intermediolateral nucleus were simultaneously immunoreactive for nNOS and ChAT. In conclusion, an abundant population of nitrergic NS in the nodose ganglion implies that neuronal NO is involved in afferent cardiac innervation. Nevertheless, nNOS\u2010IR neurons identified within vagal nuclei may play a role in the transmission of preganglionic parasympathetic nerve impulses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T14:00:23Z","timestamp":1597327223000},"page":"20-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Anatomical evidence of non\u2010parasympathetic cardiac nitrergic nerve fibres in rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"238","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9526-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ieva","family":"Navickaite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institute of Anatomy Lithuanian University of Health Sciences  Kaunas Lithuania  <!--Query ID=\"q4\" Text=\"AUTHOR: Please check that authors and their affiliations are 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