{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:27:57Z","timestamp":1791984477890,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNPq process141041\/2015\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq process141041\/2015\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The notarium is the structure formed by fusion of the dorsal vertebrae which occurred independently in pterosaurs and birds. This ankylosis usually involves two to six elements and in many cases, also includes the last cervical vertebra. Fusion can occur in different degrees, uniting the vertebral centra, the neural spines, the transverse processes, the ventral processes, or a combination of these sites. A detailed assessment of the fusion process of pterosaur dorsal vertebrae is still lacking. Here we identify the fusion sequence of pterosaur notarial elements, demonstrating the order of ossification in vertebral bodies and neural spines based on fossils and extant birds. In both Pterosauria and Aves, the notarium generally develops in a antero\u2010posterior direction, but the actual order of each fusion locus may present slight variations. Based on our data, we were able to identify seven developmental stages in the notarium formation, with broad implications for the prediction of ontogenetic stages for the Pterosauria. In addition, we report the occurrence of a notarium in <jats:italic>Ardeadactylus longicollum<\/jats:italic> (Kimmeridgian, Southern Germany), the oldest occurrence of this structure in pterosaurs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T14:04:28Z","timestamp":1602079468000},"page":"400-415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Development and evolution of the notarium in Pterosauria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"238","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3204-3342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex Schiller","family":"Aires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ecologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul Avenida Ipiranga 6681 Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6230-5086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leici Machado","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ecologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul Avenida Ipiranga 6681 Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8894-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Temp","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa Paleontol\u00f3gica da Quarta Col\u00f4nia Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Rua Maximiliano Vizzotto 598 S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o do Pol\u00easine Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3354-914X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe Lima","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Paleobiologia Universidade Federal do Pampa Avenida Ant\u00f4nio Trilha 1847 S\u00e3o Gabriel Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3452-801X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Brandalise","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museu de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul (MCT\u2010PUCRS Avenida Ipiranga 6681 Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pala.12069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2006)26[70:ANSOIP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3121.1990.tb00103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.31610\/trudyzin\/2010.314.3.264","article-title":"The Osteology of the Azhdarcho lancicolis Nessov, 1984 (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan","volume":"314","author":"Averianov A.O.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0031030108060099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Handbook of avian anatomy: Nomina anatomica avium","author":"Baumell J.J.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1127\/pala\/260\/2001\/1","article-title":"The osteology and functional morphology of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon. 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(Pterodactyloidea) from the Albian (Lower Cretaceous) of Brazil","volume":"125","author":"Veldmeijer A.J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scripta Geologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Description of pterosaurian (Pterodactyloidea: Anhangueridae, Brasileodactylus) remains from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil","volume":"13","author":"Veldmeijer A.J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Deinsea"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"New Perspectives on Pterosaur Palaeobiology","author":"Vidovic S.U.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Briefl. Mittheilungen an Professor Bronn","author":"Von Meyer H.","year":"1854","journal-title":"Neues Jahrbuch f\u00fcr Mineralogie, Geologie und Pal\u00e4ontologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Late Cretaceous pterosaurian diversity in the Transylvanian and hateg basins (Romania): new results","author":"Vremir M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eight Romanian Symposium on Palaeontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-012-0889-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Two new pterodactyloid pterosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Western Liaoning, China","volume":"41","author":"Wang X.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vertebrata PalAsiatica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Die Pterodactyloidea (Pterosauria) der Oberjura Plattenkalke Suddeutschlands","volume":"141","author":"Wellnhofer P.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch\u2010Wissenschaftlichen Klasse, Abhandlungen"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Pterosaurs: The Ilustrated Encyclopedia of Prehistoric Flying Reptiles","author":"Wellnhofer P.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03031757"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"On the Osteology of Nyctosaurus (Nyctodactylus), with notes on American pterosaurs","volume":"2","author":"Williston S.W.","year":"1903","journal-title":"Field Columbian Museum Publications, Geological Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology","author":"Witmer L.M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"On a new pterosaur from Sikiang, China","volume":"3","author":"Young C.C.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Vertebrata PalAsiatica"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.13319","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joa.13319","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.13319","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T13:36:53Z","timestamp":1693748213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.13319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.13319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.13319","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}