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Swimming is partially mediated by variations in vertebral morphology that creates trade\u2010offs in body flexibility and rigidity between axial regions that either enhance or reduce displacement between adjacent vertebrae. Swimming behavior is linked to foraging ecology, where deep\u2010diving cetaceans glide a greater proportion of the time compared to their shallow\u2010diving counterparts. In this study, we categorized 10 species of cetaceans (Families Delphinidae and Kogiidae) into functional groups determined by swimming patterns (rigid vs. flexible torso) and diving behavior (shallow vs. deep). Here, we quantify vertebral trabecular microarchitecture (a) among functional groups (rigid\u2010torso shallow diver (RS), rigid\u2010torso deep diver (RD), and flexible\u2010torso deep diver (FD)), and (b) among vertebral column regions (posterior thoracic, lumbar, caudal peduncle, and fluke insertion). We microCT scanned vertebral bodies, from which 1\u20105 volumes of interest were selected to quantify bone volume fraction (BV\/TV), specific bone surface (BS\/BV), trabecular thickness (TbTh), trabecular number (TbN), trabecular separation (TbSp), and degree of anisotropy (DA). We found that BV\/TV was greatest in the rigid\u2010torso shallow\u2010diving functional group, smallest in flexible\u2010torso deep\u2010diving species, and intermediate in the rigid\u2010torso deep\u2010diving group. DA was significantly greater in rigid\u2010torso caudal oscillators than in their flexible\u2010torso counterparts. We found no variation among vertebral regions for any microarchitectural variables. Despite having osteoporotic skeletons, cetacean vertebrae had greater BV\/TV, TbTh, and DA than previously documented in terrestrial mammalian bone. Cetacean species are an ideal model to investigate the long\u2010term adaptations, over an animal's lifetime and over evolutionary time, of trabecular bone in non\u2010weight\u2013bearing conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T02:34:15Z","timestamp":1602729255000},"page":"643-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Microarchitecture of cetacean vertebral trabecular bone among swimming modes and diving behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"238","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1759-0604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle N.","family":"Ingle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3622-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne E.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 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Manire C. Byrd L. Smith D. Gannon J. Fauquier D.&Mullin K.(2009)Movements and dive patterns of a rehabilitated Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean. 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