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Although they exhibit a high degree of polymorphism, skeletal plasticity and are considered a novel model to assess the effects of delayed puberty on the skeletal system, scarce information on their morphogenesis exists. Here, we examined a large ontogenetic sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a076) of subordinate individuals to assess the pattern of bone growth and bone microstructure of fore\u2010 and hindlimb bones by using histomorphological techniques. Over 290 undecalcified thin cross\u2010sections from the midshaft of the humerus, ulna, femur, and tibia from pups, juveniles and adults were analyzed with polarized light microscopy. Similar to other fossorial mammals, NMRs exhibited a systematic cortical thickening of their long bones, which clearly indicates a conserved functional adaptation to withstand the mechanical strains imposed during digging, regardless of their chisel\u2010tooth predominance. We describe a high histodiversity of bone matrices and the formation of secondary osteons in NMRs. The bones of pups are extremely thin\u2010walled and grow by periosteal bone formation coupled with considerable expansion of the medullary cavity, a process probably tightly regulated and adapted to optimize the amount of minerals destined for skeletal development, to thus allow the female breeder to produce a higher number of pups, as well as several litters. Subsequent cortical thickening in juveniles involves high amounts of endosteal bone apposition, which contrasts with the bone modeling of other mammals where a periosteal predominance exists. Adults have bone matrices predominantly consisting of parallel\u2010fibered bone and lamellar bone, which indicate intermediate to slow rates of osteogenesis, as well as the development of poorly vascularized lamellar\u2010zonal tissues separated by lines of arrested growth (LAGs) and annuli. These features reflect the low metabolism, low body temperature and slow growth rates reported for this species, as well as indicate a cyclical pattern of osteogenesis. The presence of LAGs in captive individuals was striking and indicates that postnatal osteogenesis and its consequent cortical stratification most likely represents a plesiomorphic thermometabolic strategy among endotherms which has been suggested to be regulated by endogenous rhythms. However, the generalized presence of LAGs in this and other subterranean taxa in the wild, as well as recent investigations on variability of environmental conditions in burrow systems, supports the hypothesis that underground environments experience seasonal fluctuations that may influence the postnatal osteogenesis of animals by limiting the extension of burrow systems during the unfavorable dry seasons and therefore the finding of food resources. Additionally, the intraspecific variation found in the formation of bone tissue matrices and vascularization suggested a high degree of developmental plasticity in NMRs, which may help explaining the polymorphism reported for this species. The results obtained here represent a valuable contribution to understanding the relationship of several aspects involved in the morphogenesis of the skeletal system of a mammal with extraordinary adaptations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T12:32:19Z","timestamp":1607689939000},"page":"1259-1283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Long bone histomorphogenesis of the naked mole\u2010rat: Histodiversity and intraspecific variation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"238","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3363-2827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Montoya\u2010Sanhueza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Zoology Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9748-2947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nigel C.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6305-8283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria K.","family":"Oosthuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8293-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine M.","family":"Dengler\u2010Crish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9786-5080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anusuya","family":"Chinsamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-416015-6.00004-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"La structure du tissu osseux envisag\u00e9e comme expression de diff\u00e9rences dans la vitesse de l\u2019accroissement","volume":"58","author":"Amprino R.","year":"1947","journal-title":"Archives of Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Naked mole\u2010rats: unique opportunities and husbandry challenges","volume":"148","author":"Artwohl 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