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Relevant dysfunctional behavior in patients with altered androgen availability or androgen receptor sensitivity might be explained by the distribution of androgens and their receptors in the central nervous system. We hypothesize that autonomic dysfunction is correlated with the androgen sensitivity of spinal cord and brainstem areas responsible for autonomic functions. In this study, androgen receptor immunoreactive (AR\u2010IR) nuclei in the spinal cord and brainstem were studied using the androgen receptor antibody PG21 in four uncastrated young adult male cats. A dense distribution of AR\u2010IR nuclei was detected in the superior layers of the dorsal horn, including lamina I. Intensely stained nuclei, but less densely distributed, were found in lamina X and preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic cells of the intermediolateral cell column. Areas in the caudal brainstem showing a high density of AR\u2010IR nuclei included the area postrema, the dorsal motor vagus nucleus and the retrotrapezoid nucleus. More cranially, the central linear nucleus in the pons contained a dense distribution of AR\u2010IR nuclei. The mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) showed a dense distribution of AR\u2010IR nuclei apart from the most central part of the PAG directly adjacent to the ependymal lining. Other areas in the mesencephalon with a dense distribution of AR\u2010IR nuclei were the dorsal raphe nucleus, the retrorubral nucleus, the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area of Tsai. It is concluded that AR\u2010IR nuclei are located in specific areas of the central nervous system that are involved in the control of sensory function and autonomic behavior. Furthermore, damage of these AR\u2010IR areas might explain related dysfunction in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T06:53:22Z","timestamp":1614063202000},"page":"125-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Androgen receptors in areas of the spinal cord and brainstem: A study in adult male cats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"239","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7229-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa L.","family":"Coolen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline C.","family":"Cambier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiota I.","family":"Spantidea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Els","family":"van Asselt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertil F. 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