{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:08:23Z","timestamp":1790906903231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG\/14\/15\/30691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG\/14\/15\/30691"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mammalian motor systems adapt to the demands of their environment. For example, muscle fibre types change in response to increased load or endurance demands. However, for adaptations to be effective, motoneurons must adapt such that their properties match those of the innervated muscle fibres. We used a rat model of chronic functional overload to assess adaptations to both motoneuron size and a key modulatory synapse responsible for amplification of motor output, C\u2010boutons. Overload of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles was induced by removal of their synergists, tibialis anterior muscles. Following 21\u00a0days survival, EDL muscles showed an increase in fatigue resistance and a decrease in force output, indicating a shift to a slower phenotype. These changes were reflected by a decrease in motoneuron size. However, C\u2010bouton complexes remained largely unaffected by overload. The C\u2010boutons themselves, quantified by expression of vesicular acetylcholine transporter, were similar in size and density in the control and overload conditions. Expression of the post\u2010synaptic voltage\u2010gated potassium channel (K\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    2.1) was also unchanged. Small conductance calcium\u2010activated potassium channels (SK3) were expressed in most EDL motoneurons, despite this being an almost exclusively fast motor pool. Overload induced a decrease in the proportion of SK3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells, however, there was no change in density or size of clusters. We propose that reductions in motoneuron size may promote early recruitment of EDL motoneurons, but that C\u2010bouton plasticity is not necessary to increase the force output required in response to muscle overload.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T10:57:46Z","timestamp":1620039466000},"page":"1157-1168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["C\u2010bouton components on rat extensor digitorum longus motoneurons are resistant to chronic functional overload"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Roger W. P.","family":"Kissane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ageing &amp; Chronic Disease University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Ghaffari\u2010Rafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Tickle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samit","family":"Chakrabarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Egginton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5135-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert M.","family":"Brownstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0493-7832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calvin C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Diseases UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00170.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13739"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1967.sp008348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.4.1589"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Ultrastructure and distribution of neuronal and glial elements on the surface of the proximal part of a motoneuron dendrite, as analyzed by serial sections","volume":"332","author":"Conradi S.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.240879"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278675"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2014.00106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275498"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1985.54.4.818"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.194951"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1987.57.4.1227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00482.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00656718"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.126.3287.1345"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00591570"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(76)90096-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.057711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1805757115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0893-18.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12677"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00968.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.111914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611134104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00307.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.056192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.52.5.821"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54170"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277833"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.6.2538"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00374404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0149-17.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP278975"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.10.017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.13439","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/joa.13439","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/joa.13439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T01:28:27Z","timestamp":1692667707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/joa.13439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/joa.13439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.13439","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.02.05.429939","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0021-8782","1469-7580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8782","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}