{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T20:36:39Z","timestamp":1784061399912,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007945","name":"Steirische Wirtschaftsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007945","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combination of computer\u2010aided design (CAD) techniques based on computed tomography (CT) data to generate patient\u2010specific implants is in use for decades. However, persisting disadvantages are complicated design procedures and rigid reconstruction protocols, for example, for tailored implants mimicking the patient\u2010specific thickness distribution of missing cranial bone. In this study we used two different approaches, CAD\u2010 versus thin\u2010plate spline (TPS)\u2010based implants, to reconstruct extensive unilateral and bilateral cranial defects in three clinical cases. We used CT data of three complete human crania that were virtually damaged according to the missing regions in the clinical cases. In total, we carried out 132 virtual reconstructions and quantified accuracy from the original to the generated implant and deviations in the resulting implant thickness as root\u2010mean\u2010square error (RMSE). Reconstructions using TPS showed an RMSE of 0.08\u20130.18\u00a0mm in relation to geometric accuracy. CAD\u2010based implants showed an RMSE of 0.50\u20131.25\u00a0mm. RMSE in relation to implant thickness was between 0.63 and 0.70\u00a0mm (TPS) while values for CAD\u2010based implants were significantly higher (0.63\u20131.67\u00a0mm). While both approaches provide implants showing a high accuracy, the TPS\u2010based approach additionally provides implants that accurately reproduce the patient\u2010specific thickness distribution of the affected cranial region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T16:55:30Z","timestamp":1622825730000},"page":"755-770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Thickness accuracy of virtually designed patient\u2010specific implants for large neurocranial defects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Wittner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Computed Tomography University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Wels Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Borowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr R\u00f6ntgendiagnostik und Nuklearmedizin St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Braunschweig GmbH Braunschweig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Pirl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr R\u00f6ntgendiagnostik und Nuklearmedizin St\u00e4dtisches Klinikum Braunschweig GmbH Braunschweig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Kastner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Computed Tomography University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Wels Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schrempf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group for Surgical Simulators Linz University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschungseinheit Experimentelle Neurotraumatologie Medizinische Universit\u00e4t Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klemens","family":"Trieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Computed Tomography University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Wels Austria"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8400-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sascha","family":"Senck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Computed Tomography University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Wels Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.24792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"\u2018Morphometric tools for landmark data geometric and biology","author":"Bookstein F.L.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01248355"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/12.185174","article-title":"Edgewarp: a flexible program package for biometric image warping in two dimensions","volume":"2359","author":"Bookstein F.L.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. 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