{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:42:36Z","timestamp":1780447356168,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The functions of the subclavius muscle (SM) are described as stabilization of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) and resisting elevation of the lateral end of the clavicle. During systematic cadaveric dissections, we observed additional fibrous structures, previously described as variants of the anatomy, extending from the SM and inserting into the coracoid process (CP). Due to the high incidence of these structures in our dissections, we hypothesized that the attachment at the CP is more common than appreciated and that, as a corollary, the function of the SM was (or has been) more complex than simply depressing the clavicle and generating stability at the SCJ. For our investigation, fifty\u2010two upper extremities of 26\u00a0human cadavers were dissected. The SM was demonstrated from costal to clavicular attachment. We documented additional fibrous structures apparently derived from the SM inserting into the CP. Measurements of the length of the SM, the length of its attachment, and the length of the clavicle were taken in situ, with the specimens supine and the upper extremity in the anatomical position. Variations in the anatomy of the SM and its coracoidal attachment were recorded, and potential correlations were investigated. For documentation purposes photographs and video sequences of passive motion of the shoulder girdle of the specimens were taken. In 49 of the 52\u00a0specimens we found additional fibrous structures passing from the SM to the CP. We differentiated three types: (1) a strong cord\u2010like structure; (2) a small or thin cord\u2010like structure or structures; and (3) a planar twisted sheet\u2010like structure. The SM and its extension to the CP appears to contribute to a \u2018functional scapular suspension system\u2019 together with the other muscles enveloped by the clavipectoral fascia (pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis and the short head of the biceps brachii). This system assists in the control of the position of the scapula in relation to the thorax, particularly in elevated positions of the upper extremity. We speculate that the differentiation of the fibrous structure depends on the functional demands of the individual.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold> Basic science study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T03:16:06Z","timestamp":1635218166000},"page":"376-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The anatomy and variation of the coracoid attachment of the subclavius muscle in humans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"240","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0663-6849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Crepaz\u2010Eger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery University College London Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romed","family":"H\u00f6rmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Knierzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6739-1198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erich","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy Medical University of 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