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Using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we study the progression of these events along the tail\u2010to\u2010head axis of the embryo, which mirrors the progression of somitogenesis (younger cells located more caudally). SEM revealed that PSM epithelialization is a gradual process, which begins much earlier than previously thought, starting with the dorsalmost cells, then the medial ones, and then, simultaneously, the ventral and lateral cells, before a somite fully separates from the PSM. The core (internal) cells of the PSM and somites never epithelialize, which suggests that the core cells could be \u2018trapped\u2019 within the somitocoele after cells at the surfaces of the PSM undergo MET. Three\u2010dimensional imaging of the distribution of the cell polarity markers PKC\u03b6, PAR3, ZO1, the Golgi marker GM130 and the apical marker N\u2010cadherin reveal that the pattern of polarization is distinctive for each marker and for each surface of the PSM, but the order of these events is not the same as the progression of cell elongation. These observations challenge some assumptions underlying existing models of somite formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T22:29:07Z","timestamp":1669328947000},"page":"417-435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sequential changes in cellular properties accompanying amniote somite formation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"242","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka M.","family":"Piatkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Developmental Biology University College London, Gower Street (Anatomy Building)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaustubh","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Developmental Biology University College London, Gower Street (Anatomy Building)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam A.","family":"Moverley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Developmental Biology University College London, Gower Street (Anatomy Building)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Turmaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Developmental Biology University College London, Gower Street (Anatomy Building)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Glazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering Biocomplexity Institute  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5035-7425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Plachta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 9\u2010123 Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0799-4154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan E.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Developmental Biology University College London, Gower Street (Anatomy Building)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9907-889X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio D.","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Developmental Biology University College London, Gower Street (Anatomy Building)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"697","article-title":"The development of somites in the chick embryo","volume":"11","author":"Bellairs R.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"The mechanism of somite segmentation in the chick embryo","volume":"51","author":"Bellairs R.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6039(83)90028-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.150557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.23750"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.1240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1995.1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384570a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"573","article-title":"Die Somitogenese beim H\u00fchnerembryo. 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