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Rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) parameters such as thickness and echogenicity are sensitive to this remodelling. This experimental laboratory study aimed to explore whether these RUSI parameters (LuM echogenicity and fascia thicknesses), hereafter called dependent variables (DV) were linked to independent variables (IV) such as (1) other RUSI parameters (trunk muscle thickness and activation) and (2) physical and psychological measures. RUSI measures, as well as a clinical examination comprising physical tests and psychological questionnaires, were collected from 70 participants with LBP. The following RUSI dependent variables (RUSI\u2010DV), measures of passive tissues were performed bilaterally: (1) LuM echogenicity (MFI\/fibrosis) at three vertebral levels (L3\/L4, L4\/L5 and L5\/S1); (2) TLF posterior layer thickness, and (3) PMCT thickness of the fasciae between subcutaneous tissue thickness (STT) and external oblique (PMCT<jats:sub>STT\/EO<\/jats:sub>), between external and internal oblique (PMCT<jats:sub>EO\/IO<\/jats:sub>), between IO and transversus abdominis (PMCT<jats:sub>IO\/TrA<\/jats:sub>) and between TrA and intra\u2010abdominal content (PMCT<jats:sub>TrA\/IA<\/jats:sub>). RUSI measures of trunk muscle's function (thickness and activation), also called measures of active muscle tissues, were considered as independent variables (RUSI\u2010IV), along with physical tests related to lumbar stability (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06), motor control deficits (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07), trunk muscle endurance (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04), physical performance (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04), lumbar posture (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), and range of motion (ROM) tests (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06). Psychosocial measures included pain catastrophizing, fear\u2010avoidance beliefs, psychological distress, illness perceptions and concepts related to adherence to a home\u2010based exercise programme (physical activity level, self\u2010efficacy, social support, outcome expectations). Six multivariate regression models (forward stepwise selection) were generated, using RUSI\u2010DV measures as dependent variables and RUSI\u2010IV\/physical\/psychosocial measures as independent variables (predictors). The six multivariate models included three to five predictors, explaining 63% of total LuM echogenicity variance, between 41% and 46% of trunk superficial fasciae variance (TLF, PMCT<jats:sub>STT\/EO<\/jats:sub>) and between 28% and 37% of deeper abdominal wall fasciae variance (PMCT<jats:sub>EO\/IO<\/jats:sub>, PMCT<jats:sub>IO\/TrA<\/jats:sub> and PMCT<jats:sub>TrA\/IA<\/jats:sub>). These variables were from RUSI\u2010IV (LuM thickness at rest, activation of IO and TrA), body composition (percent fat) and clinical physical examination (lumbar and pelvis flexion ROM, aberrant movements, passive and active straight\u2010leg raise, loaded\u2010reach test) from the biological domain, as well as from the lifestyle (physical activity level during sports), psychological (psychological distress\u2014cognitive subscale, fear\u2010avoidance beliefs during physical activities, self\u2010efficacy to exercise) and social (family support to exercise) domains. Biological, psychological, social and lifestyle factors each accounted for substantial variance in RUSI\u2010passive parameters. These findings are in keeping with a conceptual link between tissue remodelling and factors such as local and systemic inflammation. Possible explanations are discussed, in keeping with the hypothesis\u2010generating nature of this study (exploratory). However, to impact clinical practice, further research is needed to determine if the most plausible predictors of trunk fasciae thickness and LuM fatty infiltrations have an effect on these parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:13:31Z","timestamp":1671149611000},"page":"666-682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The relationship between clinical examination measures and ultrasound measures of fascia thickness surrounding trunk muscles or lumbar multifidus fatty infiltrations: An exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4299-4755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Larivi\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de recherche Robert\u2010Sauv\u00e9 en sant\u00e9 et en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du travail 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