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Here, we studied 20 long bones (metapodials, tibia and femora) of <jats:italic>Sivatherium hendeyi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Giraffa<\/jats:italic> cf. <jats:italic>Giraffa jumae<\/jats:italic> recovered from the Miocene\u2013Pliocene locality of Langebaanweg on the West Coast of South Africa. We analysed the long bone histology and growth marks of juvenile and adult specimens of these taxa. Our results show that bone tissue types and vascular canal orientation varies during ontogeny, as well as between the different skeletal elements, and also across single cross sections of bones. Majority of our specimens appear to be still growing, with only an adult metacarpal of <jats:italic>S. hendeyi<\/jats:italic> being skeletally mature as indicated by the presence of an outer circumferential layer. We propose that the growth marks preserved in the cortices of the bones studied are most likely related to multiple catastrophic events as opposed to being annual\/seasonal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T07:22:50Z","timestamp":1675754570000},"page":"953-971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Osteohistology and palaeobiology of giraffids from the Mio\u2010Pliocene Langebaanweg (South Africa)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3821-0586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Marcos","family":"Jannello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town  Rhodes Gift South Africa"},{"name":"Instituto de Evoluci\u00f3n, Ecolog\u00eda Hist\u00f3rica y Ambiente (IDEVEA) CONICET\u2010UTN\u2010FRSR  San Rafael Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9786-5080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anusuya","family":"Chinsamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town  Rhodes Gift South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/0003\u20105548\/2012\/0213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"La structure du tissu osseux envisag\u00e9e comme expression de diff\u00e9rences dans la vitesse de l'accroissement","volume":"58","author":"Amprino R.","year":"1947","journal-title":"Archives de Biologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2015.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR9910561"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.2986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.105.1.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Swartkrans: a cave's chronicle of early man","author":"Brain C.K.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/336464a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gssajg.116.2.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93547-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2015.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2005.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952836904004844"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5710\/PEAPA.07.04.2020.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Physiological implications of the bone histology of Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Theropoda)","volume":"27","author":"Chinsamy A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Palaeontogia Africana"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/blaa013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Bone microstructure and growth patterns of early mammals","volume":"51","author":"Chinsamy A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Preparation of fossil bone for histological examination","volume":"29","author":"Chinsamy A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Palaeontologia Africana"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zool.2020.125860"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801881206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"The microstructure of bones and teeth of nonmammalian therapsids","volume":"2","author":"Chinsamy\u2010Turan A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forerunners of Mammals: Radiation, Histology, Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bones","volume":"1","author":"Currey J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Structure and Mechanics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1631-0691(02)01429-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bij.12335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2014.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"Enlow D. 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