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Within the <jats:italic>penetrans<\/jats:italic> group, <jats:italic>T. perforans<\/jats:italic>, makes lesions that perforate the osteoderms within the integument to form ~3\u2009mm diameter cavities occupied by a discoid neosome. We examined these lesions in carapace material from animals which had died in the wild to see whether we could recruit evidence as to how they may be generated, either by the insect or by the host. We studied one species without such lesions, the nine\u2010banded armadillo <jats:italic>Dasypus novemcinctus<\/jats:italic>, and two species with, the greater hairy armadillo <jats:italic>Chaetophractus villosus<\/jats:italic> and the southern three\u2010banded armadillo <jats:italic>Tolypeutes matacus<\/jats:italic>, both showing the characteristic \u2018flea bite\u2019 holes in the external surfaces of the osteoderms. Samples were studied by three\u2010dimensional backscattered electron mode scanning electron microscopy and X\u2010ray microtomography. Both methods showed resorption pit complexes in the external surfaces of the osteoderms characteristic of those made by osteoclasts in active bone resorption. Lesions involved both the syndesmoses (sutures) between adjacent bones and the central regions of the osteoderms. Many lesions showed extensive repair by infilling with new bone. We conclude that the <jats:italic>T. perforans<\/jats:italic> neosome creates a local host response which causes bone resorption, creating the space in which it can grow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T18:26:52Z","timestamp":1677781612000},"page":"1029-1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Fleas and lesions in armadillo osteoderms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9871-5498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Boyde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Physical Sciences, Barts' and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7136-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Physical Sciences, Barts' and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7058-4027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin Manuel","family":"Abba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios Parasitol\u00f3gicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) UNLP\u2010CONICET  La Plata Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2357-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Cecilia","family":"Ezquiaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios Parasitol\u00f3gicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) UNLP\u2010CONICET  La Plata Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Distribuci\u00f3n de los armadillos (Xenarthra: Dasypodidae) en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina","volume":"18","author":"Abba A.M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mastozoolog\u00eda Neotropical"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/9.6.487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2020.109989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2012.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Bell L.S.(1995)Post mortem microstructural change to the skeleton. 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