{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:24:20Z","timestamp":1790231060199,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]],"date-time":"2023-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to better understand human variation by comparing cone\u2010beam computed tomography\u2010based cranial measurements between both sexes of individuals from two distinct populations: Brazilian and Dutch. Cone\u2010beam computed tomography volumes of 311 patients between 20 and 60\u2009years from Brazil and The Netherlands were selected. Two radiologists performed 16 linear measurements in the maxillary sinuses and mandibular canal. Kruskall\u2013Wallis test compared measurements of the two cranial structures between male and female for the two populations and four age ranges (20\u201330, 31\u201340, 41\u201350, 51\u201360). Mann\u2013Whitney test compared individual measurements obtained from the cranial structures between male and female for each population, and between both populations for both sexes. Intra\u2010 and inter\u2010observer reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation test (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.05). No significant differences were found in the linear measurements among the experimental groups including sex, population and age group for both cranial structures (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Most of the cranial linear measurements were significantly higher for male than those for female irrespective of the population (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.05). When the populations were compared regardless of sex, Brazilians presented four significantly higher measurements, and Dutch presented seven significantly higher measurements (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.05). The assessed cranial structures did not differ between Brazilian and Dutch populations for both sexes and four age ranges. Multiple linear measurements differed between both populations with a predominance of larger dimensions for the Dutch population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]],"date-time":"2023-03-18T09:24:10Z","timestamp":1679131450000},"page":"334-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparative study of cranial measurements between sexes from Brazil and The Netherlands: A cone\u2010beam computed tomography study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"243","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3941-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Oliveira","family":"Gamba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry Caxias do Sul University  Caxias do Sul RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8054-8759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus L.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas  Piracicaba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6628-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isadora Luana","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Conservative Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3456-7043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heraldo Luis Dias","family":"Da\u00a0Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Surgery and Orthopedics Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9638-6950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerard C. 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