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Here we test for such architectural modifications during rhesus macaque (<jats:italic>Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic>) postnatal ontogeny. We captured cranium and brain shape from 153 MRI datasets spanning 13 to 1090 postnatal days and tested for patterns of covariation with measurements of relative brain, eyeball, and masseter muscle size as well as callosal tract length. We find that the shape of the infant (&lt;365\u2009days) macaque cranium was most closely aligned to masseter muscle and brain size measured relative to face size. Infant brain and juvenile (365\u20131090\u2009days) cranium shape were more closely linked with brain size relative to basicranium and face size. Meanwhile, the juvenile macaque brain shape was dominated by the size of the brain relative to that of the basicranium. Associations with relative eyeball size and commissural tract lengths were weaker. Our results are consistent with a spatial\u2010packing regime operating during postnatal macaque ontogeny, in which relative growth of the masseter, face and basicranium have a greater influence than brain growth on the overall shape of the cranium and brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]],"date-time":"2023-06-10T05:21:02Z","timestamp":1686374462000},"page":"590-604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Postnatal growth and spatial conformity of the cranium, brain, eyeballs and masseter muscles in the macaque (<i>Macaca mulatta<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"243","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5166-2029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal &amp; Ageing Science Institute of Life Course &amp; Medical Sciences (ILCaMS) and Human Anatomy Resource Centre (HARC), Education Directorate, University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal &amp; Ageing Science Institute of Life Course &amp; Medical Sciences (ILCaMS) and Human Anatomy Resource Centre (HARC), Education Directorate, University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020509006259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1957.tb00280.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1991.tb01138.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11692-008-9037-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biegert J.(1963)The evaluation of characteristics of the skull hands and feet for primate taxonomy. 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