{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:14:11Z","timestamp":1787015651978,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K07772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K07772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The symmetry of the right and left bronchi, proposed in a previous comparative anatomical study as the basic model of the mammalian bronchial tree, was examined to determine if it applied to the embryonic human bronchial tree. Imaging data of 41 human embryo specimens at Carnegie stages (CS) 16\u201323 (equivalent to 6\u20138\u2009weeks after fertilization) belonging to the Kyoto collection were obtained using phase\u2010contrast X\u2010ray computed tomography. Three\u2010dimensional bronchial trees were then reconstructed from these images. Bronchi branching from both main bronchi were labeled as dorsal, ventral, medial, or lateral systems based on the branching position with numbering starting cranially. The length from the tracheal bifurcation to the branching point of the labeled bronchus was measured, and the right\u2010to\u2010left ratio of the same labeled bronchus in both lungs was calculated. In both lungs, the human embryonic bronchial tree showed symmetry with an alternating pattern of dorsal and lateral systems up to segmental bronchus B9 as the basic shape, with a more peripheral variation. This pattern is similar to that described in adult human lungs. Bronchial length increased with the CS in all labeled bronchi, whereas the right\u2010to\u2010left ratio was constant at approximately 1.0. The data demonstrated that the prototype of the human adult bronchial branching structure is formed and maintained in the embryonic stage. The morphology and branching position of all lobar bronchi and B6, B8, B9, and the subsegmental bronchus of B10 may be genetically determined. On the other hand, no common structures between individual embryos were found in the peripheral branches after the subsegmental bronchus of B10, suggesting that branch formation in this region is influenced more by environmental factors than by genetic factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T06:41:35Z","timestamp":1692600095000},"page":"159-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bronchial tree of the human embryo: Examination based on a mammalian model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"244","author":[{"given":"Sena","family":"Fujii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiga","family":"Muranaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4104-6833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Matsubayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research and Advanced Medicine Shiga University of Medical Science  Otsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8194-6927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigehito","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Congenital Anomaly Research Center Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6925-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akio","family":"Yoneyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAGA Light Source  Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9660-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Takakuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Health Science Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Der Bronchialbaum der S\u00e4ugetiere und des Menschen","author":"Aeby 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